CeFO-Related Publications

@article{TAYLOR2019,

title = {Femtosecond laser polishing of germanium},

author = {LAUREN L. TAYLOR, JING XU, MICHAEL POMERANTZ, THOMAS

R. SMITH, JOHN C. LAMBROPOULOS, AND JIE QIAO},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.9.004165},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-10-02},

journal = {Optical Materials Express},

volume = {9},

number = {11},

pages = {4165-4177},

abstract = {Freeform optics can reduce the cost, weight, and size of advanced imaging systems,

but it is challenging to manufacture the complex rotationally asymmetric surfaces to optical

tolerances. To address the need for disruptive, high-precision sub-aperture forming and finishing

techniques for freeform optics, we investigate an alternative, non-contact polishing methodology

using femtosecond lasers, combining modeling, experiments, and demonstrations. Femtosecondlaser-

based polishing of germanium was investigated using an experimentally-validated twotemperature

model of laser/germanium interaction to guide the understanding and selection of

laser parameters to achieve near-nonthermal ablation for polishing and figuring. For the first time

to our knowledge, model-guided femtosecond laser polishing of germanium was successfully

demonstrated, achieving precision material removal while maintaining single-digit nanometer

optical surface quality. The demonstrated femtosecond-laser-based polishing technique lays the

foundation for semiconductor optics polishing/fabrication using femtosecond lasers and opens a

viable path for high-precision, complex sub-aperture optical polishing tasks on various materials.},

keywords = {CeFO manufacturing, CEFO metrology, fabrication, Freeform surfaces, manufacturing, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Feng2019,

title = {Pulse-Propagation Modeling and Experiment for Femtosecond-Laser Writing of Waveguide in Nd:YAG},

author = {Tao Feng and Pankaj K. Sahoo and Francisco R. Arteaga-Sierra and Christophe Dorrer and Jie Qiao},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9080434},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-08-20},

urldate = {2019-08-20},

journal = {Crystals },

volume = {9},

number = {8},

pages = {434},

abstract = {In this work, unidirectional pulse propagation equation (UPPE) modeling is performed to study the nonlinear laser-mater interaction in silicon and Nd:Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) crystals. The simulation results are validated with reported experimental results for silicon and applied to Nd:YAG crystals with experimental validation. Stress-induced waveguides are written in Nd:YAG crystals using 515 nm, 300 fs pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate. Waveguides having a mean propagation loss of 0.21 ± 0.06 dB/cm are obtained, which is lower than the previous reported values for Type-II waveguides written in Nd:YAG crystals. The modeling and experimental results consistently show that the modification (waveguide track) depth increases with input energy. A detailed analysis is presented to control the modal properties of the waveguide in the context of UPPE simulation.},

keywords = {CeFO related, manufacturing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ALONSOALEMAN2019,

title = {Study of reflectors for illumination via conformal maps},

author = {LUIS A. ALEMÁN-CASTAÑEDA AND MIGUEL A. ALONSO},

editor = {Optical Society of America },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.003809},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-07-02},

urldate = {2019-07-02},

journal = {Optics Letters},

volume = {44},

number = {15},

pages = {3809-3812},

abstract = {We present an approach for the study and design of reflectors with rotational or translational symmetry that redirect light from a point source into any desired radiant intensity distribution. This method is based on a simple conformal map that transforms the reflector’s shape into a curve that describes light’s direction after reflection. Both segmented reflectors and continuous reflectors are discussed, illustrating how certain reflector characteristics become apparent under this transformation. This method can also be used to study extended sources via translations.},

keywords = {design, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{DeMars_01,

title = {Calibration of an SLM using Geometric Phase Interferometry},

author = {L. A. DeMars and K. Falaggis and R. Porras-Aguilar },

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-06-01},

journal = {RIAO-OPTILAS-MOPM},

keywords = {CEFO metrology, CeFO related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Mishchik2019,

title = {High-efficiency femtosecond ablation of silicon with GHz repetition rate laser source},

author = {Konstantin Mishchik and Guillaume Bonamis and Jie Qiao and John Lopez and Eric Audouard and Eric Mottay and Clemens Hönninger and Inka Manek-Hönninger},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.002193},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

urldate = {2019-05-01},

journal = {Opt. Lett.},

volume = {44},

number = {9},

pages = {2193-2196},

abstract = {We report on silicon ablation with a 20 W GHz amplified femtosecond laser source. This novel laser delivers burst energies up to 400 μJ, providing flexible intra-pulse repetition rates of 0.88 or 3.52 GHz, up to 200 pulses with ∼350 fs pulse duration. High-efficiency, high-quality ablation can be achieved through optimally determining the number of pulses, intra-pulse repetition, and average pulse energy within a burst. Due to such optimization, we demonstrate a specific ablation rate of 2.5 mm3∕ min ∕W with a burst containing 200 pulses at 0.88 GHz, which is the highest one reported so far for fs laser ablation, to the best of our knowledge. GHz ablation is sensitive to the selection of laser parameters. We conceptually discuss the contributions of the pulses within a burst to heat-accumulation-based incubation and material ablation.},

keywords = {CeFO related, manufacturing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ALEMÁN-CASTANEDA2019,

title = {Shearing interferometry via geometric phase},

author = {LUIS A. ALEMÁN-CASTANEDA, BRUNO PICCIRILLO, ENRICO SANTAMATO, LORENZO MARRUCCI, AND MIGUEL A. ALONSO},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTICA.6.000396},

doi = {10.1364/OPTICA.6.000396},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-03-21},

journal = {Optica},

volume = {6},

number = {4},

pages = {396-399},

abstract = {We propose an approach based on geometric phase for per- forming several types of shearing interferometry through a ro- bust, compact, common-path setup. The key elements are two identical parallel plates with spatially varying birefringence distributions, which perform the shearing by writing opposite geometric phases on the two circular polarization components of the linearly polarized incident wavefront. This setup allows the independent control of the shearing magnitude and rela- tive phase of the two wavefront replicas. The approach is first illustrated for the simplest case of lateral shearing, and then extended to other geometries where the magnitude and direc- tion of the shear vary smoothly over the wavefront.},

keywords = {metrology, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Schiesser2018,

title = {Gaussian curvature and stigmatic imaging relations for the design of an unobscured reflective relay},

author = {Eric M. Schiesser and Seung-Whan Bahk and Jake Bromage and Jannick P. Rolland},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.004855},

doi = {10.1364/OL.43.004855},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-10-03},

journal = {Optics Letters},

number = {20},

pages = {4855-4858},

abstract = {We derive the relationship between Coddington's equations and the Gaussian curvature for a stigmatic reflective imaging system. This relationship allows parameterizing off-axis conic optical systems using traditional first-order optics by considering the effective curvature at the center of the off-axis sections. Specifically, we demonstrate parameterizing the system requirements of a 2{texttimes} achromatic image relay for a terawatt laser system. This system required both collimation (far-field) and pupil imaging (near-field) simultaneously. Long working distances and specific spatial constraints limited the available layout options for the imaging components. By parameterizing these system requirements and packaging constraints, the final specifications could be quickly iterated, while allowing for flexibility in the layout of the system during a multi-year conceptual period.},

keywords = {CeFO related, design},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Papa_IODC2017,

title = {Starting point designs for freeform four-mirror systems},

author = {Jonathan C. Papa and J. Howard and J. P. Rolland},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.57.10.101705},

doi = {10.1117/1.OE.57.10.101705},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-06-21},

journal = {Optical Engineering},

volume = {57},

number = {10},

pages = {101705},

abstract = {Driven by the development of freeform four-mirror solutions, we review and compare analytical methods to generate starting point designs with various states of correction, surface types, symmetry, and obscuration. The advantages and disadvantages of each are examined. We have combined several concepts and techniques from the literature to analytically generate unobscured freeform starting point designs that are corrected through the third-order image degrading aberrations. The surfaces in these starting point designs are described as base off-axis conics that image stigmatically for the central field point, also known as Cartesian reflectors, with an aspheric departure “cap” (quartic with the aperture) added to the Cartesian reflectors. Tilt angles are chosen to cancel field-asymmetric field-linear astigmatism and unobscure the system. Paraxial data from an equivalent on-axis system are used to solve a system of linear equations to determine the magnitude of the aspheric departure “caps” that are placed on top of the base Cartesian reflectors, in order to eliminate the remaining third-order image degrading aberrations. In this approach, each aspheric departure “cap” is centered about the intersection of the optical-axis-ray, also known as the base ray, with the base surface, rather than being centered about the axis of rotational invariance.},

keywords = {CeFO related, design},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{LaurenApp18,

title = {Direct binary search for improved beam shaping and optical differentiation wavefront sensing},

author = {C. Dorrer and J. Qiao},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.008557},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-06-01},

urldate = {2018-06-01},

journal = {Applied Optics},

volume = {57},

number = {29},

pages = {8557-8565 },

abstract = {Spatially dithered distributions of binary amplitude pixels are optimized using a full direct binary search, taking into account the experimental configuration for amplitude modulation of coherent waves. This design process is shown to yield a significant reduction of the noise induced by binarization and pixelation over the region of interest. We demonstrate this approach for beam shaping and optical differentiation wavefront sensing, where the region of interest is in an image plane of the pixel distribution, and in the far field of the pixel distribution, respectively. The observed reduction in error compared to a standard error diffusion algorithm is significant for both applications because it improves performance without the tighter fabrication tolerance and cost associated with smaller pixels.},

keywords = {CeFO related, manufacturing, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{yao18,

title = {Point-cloud noncontact metrology of freeform optical surfaces},

author = {Jianing Yao and Alexander Anderson and Jannick P. Rolland},

url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.26.010242},

doi = {10.1364/OE.26.010242},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-09},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {26},

number = {8},

pages = {10242-10265},

abstract = {In this paper, we demonstrate the development of a point-cloud metrology method for the noncontact, high resolution, high precision testing of freeform surfaces. The method leverages swept source optical coherence tomography together with a common-path setup in the sample arm configured to mitigate the axial jitter caused by scanning and environmental perturbations. The lateral x-y scanning field was also rigorously evaluated for the sampling step, linearity, straightness, and orthogonality. Based on the finely engineered system hardware, a comprehensive system model was developed capable of characterizing the vertical displacement sensitivity and lateral scanning noise. The model enables predicting the point-cloud surface-metrology uncertainty map of any freeform surface and guiding the selection of optimum experimental conditions. A system was then assembled and experimentally evaluated first with flat and spherical standards to demonstrate the measurement uncertainty. Results of measuring an Alvarez freeform surface with 400-µm peak-to-valley sag show 93 nm (< λ/14) precision and 128 nm (< λ/10) root-mean-square residual from the nominal shape. The high resolution measurements also reveal mid spatial frequency structures on the test part.},

keywords = {metrology, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nanzhao18,

title = {Experimental investigation in nodal aberration theory (NAT) with a customized Ritchey-Chrétien system: third-order coma},

author = {Nan Zhao and Jonathan C. Papa and Kyle Fuerschbach and Yanfeng Qiao and Kevin P. Thompson and Jannick P. Rolland},

url = {http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-26-7-8729},

doi = {10.1364/OE.26.008729},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-04-02},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {26},

number = {7},

pages = {8729-8743},

abstract = {Nodal aberration theory (NAT) describes the aberration properties of optical systems without symmetry. NAT was fully described mathematically and investigated through real-ray tracing software, but an experimental investigation is yet to be realized. In this study, a two-mirror Ritchey-Chrétien telescope was designed and built, including testing of the mirrors in null configurations, for experimental investigation of NAT. A feature of this custom telescope is a high-precision hexapod that controls the secondary mirror of the telescope to purposely introduce system misalignments and quantify the introduced aberrations interferometrically. A method was developed to capture interferograms for multiple points across the field of view without moving the interferometer. A simulation result of Fringe Zernike coma was generated and analyzed to provide a direct comparison with the experimental results. A statistical analysis of the measurements was conducted to assess residual differences between simulations and experimental results. The interferograms were consistent with the simulations, thus experimentally validating NAT for third-order coma.},

keywords = {metrology, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{QiaoOMEX18,

title = {Integrating two-temperature and classical heat accumulation models to predict femtosecond laser processing of silicon},

author = {L. L. Taylor and R. E. Scott and J. Qiao },

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.8.000648},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-03-01},

urldate = {2018-03-01},

journal = {Optical Materials Express},

volume = {8},

number = {3},

pages = {648-658},

abstract = {A robust, computationally efficient modeling method describing multi-pulse femtosecond laser-material interaction is required to determine the optimal laser parameters to control and differentiate non-thermal ablation and heat accumulation processes for surface structuring and laser welding applications. We establish a three-dimensional, two-temperature model (TTM) and a heat-accumulation model based on classical heat generation and conduction equations to evaluate their efficacy and efficiency in simulating non-thermal ablation and heat accumulation during multi-pulse femtosecond laser processing of silicon. Only the TTM is capable of accurately predicting the laser fluences required to achieve non-thermal ablation, which is experimentally validated. Both the TTM and the classical heat accumulation model can predict heat accumulation. The TTM can accurately predict heat accumulation, but requires lengthy simulation times on the order of several hours. The classical heat accumulation model consistently predicts heat accumulation with the TTM and is time efficient, but is case specific to interaction parameters, requiring input of an experimentally-determined absorption coefficient. For the first time to our knowledge, an integrated modeling method is devised to accurately and efficiently simulate laser-processing-induced heat accumulation by using the TTM to determine an absorption coefficient to feed back to the heat accumulation model to extend it to the general case. This integrated modeling method enables the accurate prediction of heat accumulation with simulation times on the order of a minute per pulse, defining a path to determine laser parameters to control heat accumulation for specific processing applications.},

keywords = {CeFO related, manufacturing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{AlonsoVella2017,

title = {Birefringent masks that are optimal for generating bottle fields},

author = {ANTHONY VELLA, HIPPOLYTE DOURDENT, LUKAS NOVOTNY, AND MIGUEL A. ALONSO},

editor = {OSA},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.009318},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-04-17},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {25},

number = {8},

pages = {9318-9332},

abstract = {An optical bottle field containing a three-dimensional intensity null at the focal point can be generated by placing a spatially inhomogeneous birefringent mask at the pupil of an aplanatic high-NA focusing system. We derive the optimal birefringence distribution for which a uniformly polarized input beam is converted into a bottle field with the sharpest possible null in intensity. We show that a stress engineered optical (SEO) window, which has a radially varying retardance, followed by a half-wave plate, performs nearly as well as the optimal solution. Experimental results corroborate that an SEO element can be used to generate a bottle field.},

keywords = {design, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Fienup16,

title = {Ptychography for optical metrology with limited translation knowledge},

author = {Moore, D. B. and J. R. Fienup},

url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-55-17-4596},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.004596},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-06-07},

urldate = {2016-06-07},

journal = {Applied Optics},

volume = {55},

number = {17},

pages = {4596-4610},

abstract = {We introduce unknown-transverse translation diversity phase retrieval: a ptychographic algorithm for optical metrology when a subaperture is translating through a plane conjugate to the exit pupil in a very poorly known fashion. The algorithm estimates the direction of translation and the distance traveled by the subaperture from one point spread function (PSF) to the next. It also estimates unknown point target motion and rotations of the subaperture between PSF acquisitions from the PSF data.},

keywords = {related, testing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Shahinian16,

title = {An Evaluation of Fiber-Based Tools for Glass Polishing Using Experimental and Computational Approaches},

author = {Shahinian, H. and H. Cherukuri and B. Mullany},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.004307},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-06-01},

urldate = {2016-06-01},

journal = {Applied Optics},

volume = {45},

number = {16},

pages = {4307-4316},

abstract = {Polymeric pad or pitch-based tools combined with loose abrasive slurries are typically used in the polishing of optical materials. In this paper, the potential of fiber-based tools to both remove material and provide high quality surface finishes on BK7 glass is explored. The potential advantage of fiber-based tools over traditional tools is their inherent compliance, which could accommodate varying workpiece surface curvatures as found in aspheres and freeforms. To evaluate the new tools, both experimental and finite element (FE) modeling approaches were taken. A FE model consisting of a single fiber engaged with the workpiece surface was used to estimate the shape and magnitude of the pressure distribution exerted by the fiber on the workpiece surface. Two different tool configurations, yielding two different Fes, predicted pressure distributions, were used to polish BK7 samples, and the material removal profiles were interferometrically measured. The resulting profiles and the predicted pressure distributions share the same v-shape. While differences in scale exist between the experimental and FE-predicted profiles, the tool generating higher material removal had the greater predicted pressure distribution, thus demonstrating the ability of the FE model to provide insights into tool design. Additional testing was conducted to determine if the tool’s removal rate can be predicted by Preston’s equation. Initial results indicate the equation is valid within the range of parameters tested. The surface roughness of BK7 samples processed by this tool was measured and some deterioration on the Sq value was noted; the surface roughness increased from 1.89 to 3.66 nm Sq. Over several hours of continuous use, the load applied by the fibers decays in a repeatable manner, and little wear was observed on the fibers after 5.33 h of polishing.},

keywords = {CeFO manufacturing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Huang16,

title = {In vivo thickness dynamics measurement of tear film lipid and aqueous layers with optical coherence tomography and maximum-likelihood estimation},

author = {Huang, J. and H. B. Hindman and J. P. Rolland},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.41.001981},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-04-15},

urldate = {2016-04-15},

journal = {Optics Letters},

volume = {41},

number = {9},

pages = {1981-1984 },

abstract = {Dry eye disease (DED) is a common ophthalmic condition that is characterized by tear film instability and leads to ocular surface discomfort and visual disturbance. Advancements in the understanding and management of this condition have been limited by our ability to study the tear film secondary to its thin structure and dynamic nature. Here, we report a technique to simultaneously estimate the thickness of both the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film in vivo using optical coherence tomography and maximum-likelihood estimation. After a blink, the lipid layer was rapidly thickened at an average rate of 10 nm/s

 over the first 2.5 s before stabilizing, whereas the aqueous layer continued thinning at an average rate of 0.29 μm/s

 of the 10 s blink cycle. Further development of this tear film imaging technique may allow for the elucidation of events that trigger tear film instability in DED.},

keywords = {related, testing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{ao-55-10-2526.bib,

title = {Subaperture translation estimation accuracy in transverse-translation diversity phase retrieval},

author = {Moore, D.B. and J.R. Fienup},

url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/ao/abstract.cfm?uri=ao-55-10-2526&origin=search},

doi = {10.1364/AO.55.002526},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-03-22},

journal = {Applied Optics},

volume = {55},

number = {10},

pages = {2526-2536},

abstract = {For optical metrology by transverse translation diversity phase retrieval (or ptychography), information theoretic limits on the ability to estimate subaperture translation, essential for accurate metrology, are assessed as a function of the optical aberrations of the system being measured. Special attention is given to the case that an unknown linear phase aberration, or equivalent detector or target motion, is present that varies with each point spread function in the measured data.},

keywords = {related, testing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{YAO2016,

title = {Volumetric rendering and metrology of spherical gradient refractive index lens imaged by angular scan optical coherence tomography system},

author = {Yao, J. and K. Thompson and B. Ma and J. P. Rolland},

url = {https://centerfreeformoptics.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/oe-24-17-19388-1.pdf, Full paper},

doi = {10.1364/OE.24.019388 },

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-00-00},

journal = {Optics Express},

volume = {24},

number = {17},

pages = {19388-19404},

abstract = {In this paper, we develop the methodology, including the refraction correction,

geometrical thickness correction, coordinate transformation, and layer segmentation

algorithms, for 3D rendering and metrology of a layered spherical gradient refractive index

(S-GRIN) lens based on the imaging data collected by an angular scan optical coherence

tomography (OCT) system. The 3D mapping and rendering enables direct 3D visualization

and internal defect inspection of the lens. The metrology provides assessment of the surface

geometry, the lens thickness, the radii of curvature of the internal layer interfaces, and the

misalignment of the internal S-GRIN distribution with respect to the lens surface. The OCT

metrology results identify the manufacturing defects, and enable targeted process

development for optimizing the manufacturing parameters. The newly fabricated S-GRIN

lenses show up to a 7x spherical aberration reduction that allows a significantly increased

utilizable effective aperture.

© 2016 Optical Society of America

OCIS codes: (120.0120) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology; (110.4500) Optical coherence tomography;

(120.4630) Optical inspection; (110.0110) Imaging systems. },

keywords = {related, testing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Huang15,

title = {Performance analysis of optical coherence tomography in the context of a thickness estimation task},

author = {Huang, J. and J. Yao and N. Cirucci and T. Ivanov and J. P. Rolland},

url = {https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/journals/journal-of-biomedical-optics/volume-20/issue-12/121306/Performance-analysis-of-optical-coherence-tomography-in-the-context-of/10.1117/1.JBO.20.12.121306.full},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.20.12.121306},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-12-01},

urldate = {2015-12-01},

journal = {Journal of Biomedical Optics},

volume = {20},

number = {12},

pages = {121306},

abstract = {Thickness estimation is a common task in optical coherence tomography (OCT). This study discusses and quantifies the intensity noise of three commonly used broadband sources, such as a supercontinuum source, a superluminescent diode (SLD), and a swept source. The performance of the three optical sources was evaluated for a thickness estimation task using both the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and maximum-likelihood (ML) estimators. We find that the source intensity noise has less impact on a thickness estimation task compared to the width of the axial point-spread function (PSF) and the trigger jittering noise of a swept source. Findings further show that the FFT estimator yields biased estimates, which can be as large as 10% of the thickness under test in the worst case. The ML estimator is by construction asymptotically unbiased and displays a 10× improvement in precision for both the supercontinuum and SLD sources. The ML estimator also shows the ability to estimate thickness that is at least 10× thinner compared to the FFT estimator. Finally, findings show that a supercontinuum source combined with the ML estimator enables unbiased nanometer-class thickness estimation with nanometer-scale precision.},

keywords = {related, testing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Kitt15,

title = {Visible metasurfaces and ruled diffraction gratings: a comparison},

author = {Kitt, A. and J. P. Rolland and A. N. Vamivakas},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OME.5.002895},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-23},

urldate = {2015-11-23},

journal = {Opt. Express},

volume = {5},

number = {12},

pages = {2895-2901},

abstract = {Metasurface based and physical ruling based diffraction gratings function by controlling the phase of light, but the origin of the phase control is different. Here we compare the simulated optical response of a 1800 lines/mm ruled diffraction grating blazed for 650 nm light to the response of a 1800 lines/mm phase grating meta-surface designed for efficiency in the visible. The efficiencies are comparable; the transverse electric polarized efficiency of the meta-surface based grating is similar to the transverse magnetic polarized efficiency of the ruled-grating. However, due to the different mechanisms of phase accrual, the meta-surface based grating does not exhibit grating anomalies and has low efficiency for transverse magnetic polarized light.},

keywords = {design, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{YAO15b,

title = {Simultaneous estimation of thickness and refractive index of layered gradient refractive index optics using a hybrid confocal-scan swept-source optical coherence tomography system},

author = {Yao, J. and J. Huang and P. Meemon and M. Ponting and J. P. Rolland},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.23.030149},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-10},

urldate = {2015-11-10},

journal = {Opt. Express},

volume = {23},

number = {23},

pages = {30149-30164},

abstract = {A hybrid confocal-scan swept-source optical coherence tomography metrology system was conceived for simultaneous measurements of the refractive index and thickness profiles of polymeric layered gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics. An uncertainty analysis predicts the metrology capability of the system and guides the selection of an optimum working numerical aperture. Experimental results on both a monolithic and a GRIN layered sheet are demonstrated to be in close agreement with theoretical predictions. Index measurement precision reached 0.0001 and 0.0008 for measuring 2.8 mm and ~300 µm thick layers, respectively. The thicknesses of these layers were simultaneously measured with a precision of 0.28 and 0.17 µm, respectively.},

keywords = {related, testing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Salzman15,

title = {Magnetorheological finishing of chemical-vapor-deposited zinc sulfide via chemically and mechanically modified fluids},

author = {Salzman, S. and H. J. Romanofsky and L. J. Giannechini and S. D. Jacobs and J. C. Lambropoulos},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.001481},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-11-03},

urldate = {2015-11-03},

journal = {Applied Optics},

volume = {55},

number = {6},

pages = {1481},

abstract = {We describe the anisotropy in the material-removal rate (MRR) of the polycrystalline, chemical-vapor–deposited (CVD) zinc sulfide (ZnS). We define the polycrystalline anisotropy via microhardness and chemical erosion tests for four crystallographic orientations of ZnS: (100), (110), (111), and (311). Anisotropy in the MRR was studied under magnetorheological finishing (MRF) conditions. Three chemically and mechanically modified magnetorheological (MR) fluids at pH values of 4, 5, and 6 were used to test the MRR variations among the four single-crystal planes. When polishing the single-crystal planes and the polycrystalline with pH 5 and pH 6 MR fluids, variations were found in the MRR among the four single-crystal planes and surface artifacts were observed on the polycrystalline material. When polishing the single-crystal planes and the polycrystalline with the modified MR fluid at pH 4, however, minimal variation was observed in the MRR among the four orientations and a reduction in surface artifacts was achieved on the polycrystalline material.},

keywords = {manufacturing, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{GRAY15,

title = {Wavefront aberration function in terms of R.V. Shack’s vector product and Zernike polynomial vectors},

author = {Gray, R. and J. P. Rolland},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.32.001836},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-08-18},

urldate = {2015-08-18},

journal = {JOSA A},

volume = {32},

number = {10},

pages = {1836-1847},

abstract = {Previous papers have shown how, for rotationally symmetric optical imaging systems, nodes in the field dependence of the wavefront aberration function develop when a rotationally symmetric optical surface within an imaging optical system is decentered and/or tilted. In this paper, we show how Shack’s vector product (SVP) can be used to express the wavefront aberration function and to define vectors in terms of the Zernike polynomials. The wavefront aberration function is then expressed in terms of the Zernike vectors. It is further shown that SVP fits within the framework of two-dimensional geometric algebra (GA). Within the GA framework, an equation for the third-order node locations for the binodal astigmatism term that emerge in the presence of tilts and decenters is then demonstrated. A computer model of a three-mirror telescope system is used to demonstrate the validity of the mathematical development.},

keywords = {design, related},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{DUMA15,

title = {Optimization of galvanometer scanning for optical coherence tomography},

author = {Duma, V. and P. Tankam and J. Huang and J. Won and J. P. Rolland,},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.005495},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-06-10},

urldate = {2015-06-10},

journal = {Applied Optics},

volume = {54},

number = {17},

pages = {5495-5507},

abstract = {We study experimentally the effective duty cycle of galvanometer-based scanners (GSs) with regard to three main parameters of the scanning process: theoretical/imposed duty cycle (of the input signal), scan frequency, and scan amplitude. Sawtooth and triangular input signals for the device are considered. The effects of the mechanical inertia of the oscillatory element of the GS are analyzed and their consequences are discussed in the context of optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging. When the theoretical duty cycle and the scan amplitude are increased to the limit, the saturation of the device is demonstrated for a useful range of scan frequencies by direct measurement of the position of the galvomirror. Investigations of OCT imaging of large samples also validate this saturation, as examplified by the gaps/blurred portions obtained between neighboring images when using both triangular and sawtooth scanning at high scan frequencies. For this latter aspect, the necessary overlap between neighboring B-scans, and therefore between the corresponding volumetric reconstructions of the sample, are evaluated and implemented with regard to the same parameters of the scanning process. OCT images that are free of these artifacts are thus obtained.},

keywords = {related, testing},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}