2019
Schiesser, E. M.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
In: Optics Express, vol. 27, no. 15, pp. 21750-21765, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Schiess1_2019,
title = {Effect of freeform surfaces on the volume and performance of unobscured three mirror imagers in comparison with off-axis rotationally symmetric polynomials},
author = {E. M. Schiesser and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.021750},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-07-25},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {27},
number = {15},
pages = {21750-21765},
abstract = {The invention of new design techniques for unobscured reflective systems using freeform surfaces has expanded the optical design space for these system types. We illustrate how the use of freeform surfaces can expand the design space of the Three Mirror Compact design type to allow both better performance at a given system volume and smaller volumes for a given performance target. By evolving designs using conventional off-axis asphere type surfaces to ever smaller volumes and then converting these off-axis asphere descriptions to centered Zernike descriptions, we show that the wavefront error improves by up to 69% in this case by allowing the surfaces to break rotational symmetry. In addition, we show that evolving designs from the same starting point as the off-axis asphere designs but instead using a centered Zernike description can produce a design with a 39% smaller volume in this case while maintaining the same diffraction-limited performance.},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The invention of new design techniques for unobscured reflective systems using freeform surfaces has expanded the optical design space for these system types. We illustrate how the use of freeform surfaces can expand the design space of the Three Mirror Compact design type to allow both better performance at a given system volume and smaller volumes for a given performance target. By evolving designs using conventional off-axis asphere type surfaces to ever smaller volumes and then converting these off-axis asphere descriptions to centered Zernike descriptions, we show that the wavefront error improves by up to 69% in this case by allowing the surfaces to break rotational symmetry. In addition, we show that evolving designs from the same starting point as the off-axis asphere designs but instead using a centered Zernike description can produce a design with a 39% smaller volume in this case while maintaining the same diffraction-limited performance.
Schiesser, E. M.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
The Effect of Freeform Surfaces on the Volume and Performance of Unobscured Three Mirror Imagers Conference
OSA Technical Digest, no. FM3B.2, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@conference{Schiess1ff_2019,
title = {The Effect of Freeform Surfaces on the Volume and Performance of Unobscured Three Mirror Imagers},
author = {E. M. Schiesser and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2019.FM3B.2},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-14},
booktitle = {OSA Technical Digest},
number = {FM3B.2},
abstract = {The volume reduction capabilities of freeform surfaces compared to off-axis aspheres is presented in the context of unobscured three-mirror imagers. A design study demonstrates the effectiveness of freeform mirrors, reducing the volume by up to 25%.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
The volume reduction capabilities of freeform surfaces compared to off-axis aspheres is presented in the context of unobscured three-mirror imagers. A design study demonstrates the effectiveness of freeform mirrors, reducing the volume by up to 25%.
Liu, Y.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
CubeSat Format 3-Mirror Spectrometer Designed with Freeform Surfaces Conference
OSA Technical Digest, no. FM4B.3, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{Yux_ff_2019,
title = {CubeSat Format 3-Mirror Spectrometer Designed with Freeform Surfaces},
author = {Y. Liu and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2019.FM4B.3},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-14},
booktitle = {OSA Technical Digest},
number = {FM4B.3},
abstract = {A design study about a 3-mirror freeform spectrometer that fits in a 1U CubeSat format. Performances are compared between the freeform and off-axis asphere designs.},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
A design study about a 3-mirror freeform spectrometer that fits in a 1U CubeSat format. Performances are compared between the freeform and off-axis asphere designs.
Moein, S.; Suleski, T. J.
Design of Freeform Phase Plate Pairs for Variable Extended Depth of Field in Imaging Systems Proceedings Article
In: Optical Design and Fabrication 2019 (Freeform, OFT), pp. FW4B.2, OSA 2019.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, imaging
@inproceedings{Moein2019,
title = {Design of Freeform Phase Plate Pairs for Variable Extended Depth of Field in Imaging Systems},
author = {S. Moein and T. J. Suleski},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2019.FW4B.2},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2019.FW4B.2},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-12},
booktitle = {Optical Design and Fabrication 2019 (Freeform, OFT)},
pages = {FW4B.2},
organization = {OSA},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, imaging},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Aryan, H.; Suleski, T. J.
Specification of Optical Surfaces with Anisotropic Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors Proceedings Article
In: Optical Design and Fabrication 2019 (Freeform, OFT), pp. OM4A.5, OSA 2019.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@inproceedings{Aryan2019b,
title = {Specification of Optical Surfaces with Anisotropic Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors},
author = {H. Aryan and T. J. Suleski},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2019.OM4A.5},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2019.OM4A.5},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-12},
booktitle = {Optical Design and Fabrication 2019 (Freeform, OFT)},
pages = {OM4A.5},
organization = {OSA},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Aryan, H.; Suleski, T. J.
Non-Directional Modulation Transfer Function for Optical Surfaces with Anisotropic Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors Proceedings Article
In: Optical Design and Fabrication 2019 (Freeform, OFT), pp. OT1A.2, OSA 2019.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@inproceedings{Aryan2019c,
title = {Non-Directional Modulation Transfer Function for Optical Surfaces with Anisotropic Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors},
author = {H. Aryan and T.J. Suleski},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2019.OT1A.2},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2019.OT1A.2},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-12},
booktitle = {Optical Design and Fabrication 2019 (Freeform, OFT)},
pages = {OT1A.2},
organization = {OSA},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Gurganus, Dustin; Novak, Spencer; Symmons, Alan; Davies, Matthew A.
Precision Glass Molding of Freeform Optics Conference
OCIS: 120.3940,120.4610 Design and Fabrication Congress 2019 (Freeform OFT) OSA 2019 OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2019), paper JW1A.4., 2019, ISBN: ISBN: 978-1-943580-60-6.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, fabrication, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@conference{Gurganus2019,
title = {Precision Glass Molding of Freeform Optics},
author = {Dustin Gurganus and Spencer Novak and Alan Symmons and Matthew A. Davies },
isbn = {ISBN: 978-1-943580-60-6},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-06-12},
urldate = {2019-06-12},
publisher = { OSA Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2019), paper JW1A.4.},
organization = {Design and Fabrication Congress 2019 (Freeform OFT) OSA 2019},
series = {OCIS: 120.3940,120.4610},
abstract = {Precision glass molding is an enabling high-volume optical manufacturing method.
Through a chain of optical design, mold tooling design and manufacture, and precision glass
molding, a 45 mm freeform Alverez lens was generated to meet certain specifications.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, fabrication, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Precision glass molding is an enabling high-volume optical manufacturing method.
Through a chain of optical design, mold tooling design and manufacture, and precision glass
molding, a 45 mm freeform Alverez lens was generated to meet certain specifications.
Through a chain of optical design, mold tooling design and manufacture, and precision glass
molding, a 45 mm freeform Alverez lens was generated to meet certain specifications.
Vendittia, Kristen; Evans, Chris; Falaggis, Konstantinos; Blum, Alex; Chaudhuri, Romita; Goodsell, Jeremy; Rolland, Jannick P.
Design for metrology for freeform optics manufacturing Journal Article
In: ScienceDirect, vol. 29, no. 84, pp. 169-172, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@article{Vendittia2019,
title = {Design for metrology for freeform optics manufacturing},
author = {Kristen Vendittia and Chris Evans and Konstantinos Falaggis and Alex Blum and Romita Chaudhuri and Jeremy Goodsell and Jannick P. Rolland},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212827119309023},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-05-08},
journal = {ScienceDirect},
volume = {29},
number = {84},
pages = {169-172},
publisher = { Elsevier B.V.},
organization = {ScienceDirect},
abstract = {Freeform optical surfaces offer significant design opportunities but pose new challenges in metrology and manufacturing. Evolution in optics manufacturing processes have changed the surface spatial frequencies that must be measured. Optical surface definition is expected to be with respect to fiducials and datums which must be realizable at all stages of manufacture; uncertainty in that realization becomes important in some cases. Concurrent engineering is required, but appropriate data has not been collated for use by optical designers. One approach to providing such data is described.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Freeform optical surfaces offer significant design opportunities but pose new challenges in metrology and manufacturing. Evolution in optics manufacturing processes have changed the surface spatial frequencies that must be measured. Optical surface definition is expected to be with respect to fiducials and datums which must be realizable at all stages of manufacture; uncertainty in that realization becomes important in some cases. Concurrent engineering is required, but appropriate data has not been collated for use by optical designers. One approach to providing such data is described.
Aryan, Hamidreza; Liang, Kevin; Alonso, Miguel A.; Suleski, Thomas J.
Predictive models for the Strehl ratio of diamond-machined optics Journal Article
In: Applied Optics, vol. 58, pp. 3272-3276, 2019.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, fabrication, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@article{Aryan2019,
title = {Predictive models for the Strehl ratio of diamond-machined optics},
author = {Hamidreza Aryan and Kevin Liang and Miguel A. Alonso and Thomas J. Suleski},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.003272},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.003272},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-03-26},
journal = {Applied Optics},
volume = {58},
pages = {3272-3276},
keywords = {CeFO, fabrication, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Xu, Di; Chaudhuri, Romita; Rolland, Jannick P.
In: Optics Express, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 6184-6200, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, testing
@article{Xu2019,
title = {Telecentric broadband objective lenses for optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the context of low uncertainty metrology of freeform optical components: from design to testing for wavefront and telecentricity},
author = {Di Xu and Romita Chaudhuri and Jannick P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.006184},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-20},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {6184-6200},
abstract = {Freeform optical components enable significant advances for optical systems. A major challenge for freeform optics is the current lack of metrology methods with measurement uncertainty on the order of tens of nanometers or less. Towards addressing this challenge, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a viable technique. In the context of low uncertainty metrology, the design requirements pertaining to the sample arm of an OCT metrology system are explicitly addressed in this paper. Two telecentric, broadband, diffraction limited, custom objective lens designs are presented with their design strategies. One objective lens was fabricated and experimentally tested for wavefront performance and telecentricity. This lens demonstrates near diffraction limited performance and a maximum deviation from telecentricity of 8.7 arcseconds across the full field of view, correlating to measurement uncertainty of less than 12 nm in simulation. The telecentricity test method developed completes the loop with respect to the design requirements and strategies presented and provides further intuition for telecentric lens designs in general.},
keywords = {CeFO, testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Freeform optical components enable significant advances for optical systems. A major challenge for freeform optics is the current lack of metrology methods with measurement uncertainty on the order of tens of nanometers or less. Towards addressing this challenge, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a viable technique. In the context of low uncertainty metrology, the design requirements pertaining to the sample arm of an OCT metrology system are explicitly addressed in this paper. Two telecentric, broadband, diffraction limited, custom objective lens designs are presented with their design strategies. One objective lens was fabricated and experimentally tested for wavefront performance and telecentricity. This lens demonstrates near diffraction limited performance and a maximum deviation from telecentricity of 8.7 arcseconds across the full field of view, correlating to measurement uncertainty of less than 12 nm in simulation. The telecentricity test method developed completes the loop with respect to the design requirements and strategies presented and provides further intuition for telecentric lens designs in general.
Aaron Bauer Nick Takaki,; Rolland, Jannick P.
On-the-fly surface manufacturability constraints for freeform optical design enabled by orthogonal polynomials Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 6129-6146, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aberration correction, CeFO, Freeform surfaces, Image quality, Optical design, Optical surfaces, Optical systems
@article{Takaki_manufacturability,
title = {On-the-fly surface manufacturability constraints for freeform optical design enabled by orthogonal polynomials},
author = {Nick Takaki, Aaron Bauer, and Jannick P. Rolland},
editor = {James Leger, Ulrike Fuchs },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.006129},
doi = {10.1364/OE.27.006129},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-20},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {6129-6146},
abstract = {When leveraging orthogonal polynomials for describing freeform optics, designers typically focus on the computational efficiency of convergence and the optical performance of the resulting designs. However, to physically realize these designs, the freeform surfaces need to be fabricated and tested. An optimization constraint is described that allows on-the-fly calculation and constraint of manufacturability estimates for freeform surfaces, namely peak-to-valley sag departure and maximum gradient normal departure. This constraint’s construction is demonstrated in general for orthogonal polynomials, and in particular for both Zernike polynomials and Forbes 2D-Q polynomials. Lastly, this optimization constraint’s impact during design is shown via two design studies: a redesign of a published unobscured three-mirror telescope in the ball geometry for use in LWIR imaging and a freeform prism combiner for use in AR/VR applications. It is shown that using the optimization penalty with a fixed number of coefficients enables an improvement in manufacturability in exchange for a tradeoff in optical performance. It is further shown that, when the number of coefficients is increased in conjunction with the optimization penalty, manufacturability estimates can be improved without sacrificing optical performance.},
keywords = {Aberration correction, CeFO, Freeform surfaces, Image quality, Optical design, Optical surfaces, Optical systems},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
When leveraging orthogonal polynomials for describing freeform optics, designers typically focus on the computational efficiency of convergence and the optical performance of the resulting designs. However, to physically realize these designs, the freeform surfaces need to be fabricated and tested. An optimization constraint is described that allows on-the-fly calculation and constraint of manufacturability estimates for freeform surfaces, namely peak-to-valley sag departure and maximum gradient normal departure. This constraint’s construction is demonstrated in general for orthogonal polynomials, and in particular for both Zernike polynomials and Forbes 2D-Q polynomials. Lastly, this optimization constraint’s impact during design is shown via two design studies: a redesign of a published unobscured three-mirror telescope in the ball geometry for use in LWIR imaging and a freeform prism combiner for use in AR/VR applications. It is shown that using the optimization penalty with a fixed number of coefficients enables an improvement in manufacturability in exchange for a tradeoff in optical performance. It is further shown that, when the number of coefficients is increased in conjunction with the optimization penalty, manufacturability estimates can be improved without sacrificing optical performance.
Liang, Kevin; Forbes, G. W.; Alonso, Miguel A.
Validity of the perturbation model for the propagation of MSF structure in 2D Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 3390-3408, 2019.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, CeFO manufacturing
@article{LIANG2019,
title = {Validity of the perturbation model for the propagation of MSF structure in 2D},
author = {Kevin Liang and G.W. Forbes and Miguel A. Alonso},
editor = {Optical Society of America},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.27.003390},
doi = {10.1364/OE.27.003390},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-02-04},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {3390-3408},
abstract = {Assessment of the performance degradation caused by the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structure on optical surfaces often relies on a perturbation method that dovetails with the familiar sequence of models based on geometrical and physical optics. In the case of imaging systems, the perturbative step yields estimates of wavefronts in the exit pupil which are, in turn, used to extract performance measures such as MTF, PSF, and Strehl ratio. To date, the validity of that perturbation appears to be poorly understood. We present methods to estimate the errors of this approach and thereby arrive at a rule of thumb for its accuracy: the error is approximately equal to the RMS of the MSF structure at its source multiplied by the square of the ratio between a particular Fresnel zone size and a characteristic length of the MSF structure.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Assessment of the performance degradation caused by the mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structure on optical surfaces often relies on a perturbation method that dovetails with the familiar sequence of models based on geometrical and physical optics. In the case of imaging systems, the perturbative step yields estimates of wavefronts in the exit pupil which are, in turn, used to extract performance measures such as MTF, PSF, and Strehl ratio. To date, the validity of that perturbation appears to be poorly understood. We present methods to estimate the errors of this approach and thereby arrive at a rule of thumb for its accuracy: the error is approximately equal to the RMS of the MSF structure at its source multiplied by the square of the ratio between a particular Fresnel zone size and a characteristic length of the MSF structure.
2018
Takaki, N.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
Degeneracy in freeform surfaces described with orthogonal polynomials Journal Article
In: Applied Optics, vol. 57, no. 35, pp. 10348-10354, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@article{Takaki_degen,
title = {Degeneracy in freeform surfaces described with orthogonal polynomials},
author = {N. Takaki and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.010348},
doi = {10.1364/AO.57.010348},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-10},
journal = {Applied Optics},
volume = {57},
number = {35},
pages = {10348-10354},
abstract = {Orthogonal polynomials offer useful mathematical properties for describing freeform optical surfaces. Their advantages are best leveraged by understanding the interactions between variables such as tip and tilt, base sphere and conic variables, and packaging variables that define the problem of design for manufacture. These interactions can cause degeneracy, which can complicate the interpretation of design specifications in manufacturing and, consequently, negatively impact the cost of fabrication and assembly. Optimization constraints to break degeneracy during design are also discussed.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Orthogonal polynomials offer useful mathematical properties for describing freeform optical surfaces. Their advantages are best leveraged by understanding the interactions between variables such as tip and tilt, base sphere and conic variables, and packaging variables that define the problem of design for manufacture. These interactions can cause degeneracy, which can complicate the interpretation of design specifications in manufacturing and, consequently, negatively impact the cost of fabrication and assembly. Optimization constraints to break degeneracy during design are also discussed.
Michalko, A. M.; Fienup, J. R.
Verification of transverse translation diverse phase retrieval for concave optical metrology Journal Article
In: Optics Letters, vol. 43, no. 19, pp. 4827-4830, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@article{Michalko18,
title = { Verification of transverse translation diverse phase retrieval for concave optical metrology},
author = {A. M. Michalko and J. R. Fienup},
editor = {Optical Society of America},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.004827},
doi = {10.1364/OL.43.004827},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-10-01},
journal = {Optics Letters},
volume = {43},
number = {19},
pages = {4827-4830},
abstract = {The surface figure error of a concave spherical mirror was measured using transverse translation diverse phase retrieval (TTDPR), an image-based wavefront sensing technique. Good reproducibility of the surface measurement is demonstrated. Additionally, the TTDPR measurement of the surface, with certain alignment terms removed, is shown to agree with interferometric measurements to 0.0060 waves root mean square.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The surface figure error of a concave spherical mirror was measured using transverse translation diverse phase retrieval (TTDPR), an image-based wavefront sensing technique. Good reproducibility of the surface measurement is demonstrated. Additionally, the TTDPR measurement of the surface, with certain alignment terms removed, is shown to agree with interferometric measurements to 0.0060 waves root mean square.
Michalko, A. M.; Fienup, J. R.
Sensitivity study of transverse translation diverse phase retrieval for freeform metrology Proceedings Article
In: SPIE, (Ed.): Optical Manufacturing and Testing XII, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@inproceedings{Michalko2018spie,
title = {Sensitivity study of transverse translation diverse phase retrieval for freeform metrology},
author = {A. M. Michalko and J. R. Fienup},
editor = {SPIE},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2321212},
doi = {10.1117/12.2321212},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-14},
booktitle = {Optical Manufacturing and Testing XII},
volume = {10742},
abstract = {Transverse translation-diverse phase retrieval (TTDPR), a ptychographic wavefront-sensing technique, is a viable method for optical surface metrology due to its relatively simple hardware requirements, flexibility, and high demonstrated accuracy in other fields. In TTDPR, a subaperture illumination pattern is scanned across an optic under test, and the reflected intensity is gathered on an array detector near focus. A nonlinear optimization algorithm is used to reconstruct the wavefront aberration at the test surface, from which we can solve for surface error, using intensity patterns from multiple scan positions. TTDPR is an advantageous method for aspheric and freeform metrology, because measurements can be performed without null optics. We report on a sensitivity analysis of TTDPR using simulations of a freeform concave mirror measurement. Simulations were performed to test TTDPR algorithmic performance as a function of various parameters, including detector SNR and position uncertainty of the illumination.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Transverse translation-diverse phase retrieval (TTDPR), a ptychographic wavefront-sensing technique, is a viable method for optical surface metrology due to its relatively simple hardware requirements, flexibility, and high demonstrated accuracy in other fields. In TTDPR, a subaperture illumination pattern is scanned across an optic under test, and the reflected intensity is gathered on an array detector near focus. A nonlinear optimization algorithm is used to reconstruct the wavefront aberration at the test surface, from which we can solve for surface error, using intensity patterns from multiple scan positions. TTDPR is an advantageous method for aspheric and freeform metrology, because measurements can be performed without null optics. We report on a sensitivity analysis of TTDPR using simulations of a freeform concave mirror measurement. Simulations were performed to test TTDPR algorithmic performance as a function of various parameters, including detector SNR and position uncertainty of the illumination.
Taylor, L. L.; Xu, J.; Smith, T.; Pomerantz, M.; Lambropoulos, J. C.; Qiao, J.
Achieving Efficacy in Femtosecond Laser Processing of Optical Materials Conference
Corning Glass Summit, 2018.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing
@conference{LaurenCorn18,
title = {Achieving Efficacy in Femtosecond Laser Processing of Optical Materials},
author = {L. L. Taylor and J. Xu and T. Smith and M. Pomerantz and J. C. Lambropoulos and J. Qiao},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-06-02},
booktitle = {Corning Glass Summit},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Kevin Liang, Miguel A. Alonso
Using the pupil difference probability density to understand OTF Proceedings
SPIE, vol. 10694, no. 106940P, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@proceedings{Liang2018,
title = {Using the pupil difference probability density to understand OTF},
author = {Kevin Liang, Miguel A. Alonso},
doi = {10.1117/12.2316426},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-28},
volume = {10694},
number = {106940P},
publisher = {SPIE},
abstract = {We present the definition of a new quantity, the pupil difference probability density (PDPD), and describe its use in the study of imaging systems. Formally, the PDPD is defined as the probability density that two random points over the pupil, with given separation, have a given wavefront error difference. Under this definition, the PDPD is the one-dimensional Fourier transform, of the error difference variable, of the OTF. Using the PDPD, we show that it is possible to understand how certain sources of error affect the OTF. Further, given its geometric interpretation, this formalism is useful for finding accurate analytic approximations to the OTF.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
We present the definition of a new quantity, the pupil difference probability density (PDPD), and describe its use in the study of imaging systems. Formally, the PDPD is defined as the probability density that two random points over the pupil, with given separation, have a given wavefront error difference. Under this definition, the PDPD is the one-dimensional Fourier transform, of the error difference variable, of the OTF. Using the PDPD, we show that it is possible to understand how certain sources of error affect the OTF. Further, given its geometric interpretation, this formalism is useful for finding accurate analytic approximations to the OTF.
Taylor, L. L.; Xu, J.; Smith, T. R.; Pomerantz, M.; Lambropoulos, J. C.; Qiao, J.
Controlling Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Germanium for Laser Polishing Applications Proceedings
Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2018), no. paper AM1M.2, 2018.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing
@proceedings{laurenCLEO18,
title = {Controlling Femtosecond Laser Ablation of Germanium for Laser Polishing Applications},
author = {L. L. Taylor and J. Xu and T. R. Smith and M. Pomerantz and J. C. Lambropoulos and J. Qiao},
url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=CLEO_AT-2018-AM1M.2},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-18},
number = {paper AM1M.2},
publisher = {Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2018)},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Bauer, A.; Schiesser, Eric M.; Rolland, Jannick P.
Starting geometry creation and design method for freeform optics Journal Article
In: Nature Communications, vol. 9, no. 1756, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Bauer2018,
title = {Starting geometry creation and design method for freeform optics},
author = {A. Bauer and Eric M. Schiesser and Jannick P. Rolland},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04186-9},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-018-04186-9},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-01},
journal = {Nature Communications},
volume = {9},
number = {1756},
abstract = {We describe a method for designing freeform optics based on the aberration theory of freeform surfaces that guides the development of a taxonomy of starting-point geometries with an emphasis on manufacturability. An unconventional approach to the optimization of these starting designs wherein the rotationally invariant 3rd-order aberrations are left uncorrected prior to unobscuring the system is shown to be effective. The optimal starting-point geometry is created for an F/3, 200 mm aperture-class three-mirror imager and is fully optimized using a novel step-by-step method over a 4 × 4 degree field-of-view to exemplify the design method. We then optimize an alternative starting-point geometry that is common in the literature but was quantified here as a sub-optimal candidate for optimization with freeform surfaces. A comparison of the optimized geometries shows the performance of the optimal geometry is at least 16× better, which underscores the importance of the geometry when designing freeform optics.},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We describe a method for designing freeform optics based on the aberration theory of freeform surfaces that guides the development of a taxonomy of starting-point geometries with an emphasis on manufacturability. An unconventional approach to the optimization of these starting designs wherein the rotationally invariant 3rd-order aberrations are left uncorrected prior to unobscuring the system is shown to be effective. The optimal starting-point geometry is created for an F/3, 200 mm aperture-class three-mirror imager and is fully optimized using a novel step-by-step method over a 4 × 4 degree field-of-view to exemplify the design method. We then optimize an alternative starting-point geometry that is common in the literature but was quantified here as a sub-optimal candidate for optimization with freeform surfaces. A comparison of the optimized geometries shows the performance of the optimal geometry is at least 16× better, which underscores the importance of the geometry when designing freeform optics.
Taylor, L. L.; Feng, T.; Xu, J.; Smith, T.; Pomerantz, M.; Lambropoulos, J. C.; Qiao, J.
Controlling Femtosecond Laser Ablation for High-Precision Optics and Photonics Fabrication Conference
CEIS Technology Showcase, 2018.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing
@conference{LaurenCEIS18,
title = {Controlling Femtosecond Laser Ablation for High-Precision Optics and Photonics Fabrication},
author = {L. L. Taylor and T. Feng and J. Xu and T. Smith and M. Pomerantz and J. C. Lambropoulos and J. Qiao },
year = {2018},
date = {2018-04-01},
booktitle = {CEIS Technology Showcase},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Michalko, A. M.; Fienup, J. R.
Transverse translation diverse phase retrieval using soft-edged illumination Journal Article
In: Optics Letters, vol. 43, no. 6, pp. 1331-1334, 2018.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology, metrology
@article{Michalko2018b,
title = {Transverse translation diverse phase retrieval using soft-edged illumination},
author = {A. M. Michalko and J. R. Fienup},
editor = {Optical Society of America},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.43.001331},
doi = {10.1364/OL.43.001331},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-03-14},
journal = {Optics Letters},
volume = {43},
number = {6},
pages = {1331-1334},
abstract = {Transverse translation diverse phase retrieval (TTDPR), a ptychographic image-based wavefront-sensing technique, is a viable method for optical shop testing due to its high accuracy and relatively simple experimental arrangement. However, when measuring a reflective optic, a normally hard-edged translating illumination will become soft-edged due to diffraction, which may reduce the accuracy of TTDPR by suppressing fine structures in measured data. In this Letter, we quantitatively explore the wavefront-sensing accuracy of TTDPR in the presence of soft-edged translating illumination.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Transverse translation diverse phase retrieval (TTDPR), a ptychographic image-based wavefront-sensing technique, is a viable method for optical shop testing due to its high accuracy and relatively simple experimental arrangement. However, when measuring a reflective optic, a normally hard-edged translating illumination will become soft-edged due to diffraction, which may reduce the accuracy of TTDPR by suppressing fine structures in measured data. In this Letter, we quantitatively explore the wavefront-sensing accuracy of TTDPR in the presence of soft-edged translating illumination.
2017
Rolland, J. P.; Bauer, A.
Optiques du futur: une nouvelle ère pour la conception optique Conference
Optiques du futur, 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{Rolland_france2017,
title = {Optiques du futur: une nouvelle ère pour la conception optique},
author = {J.P. Rolland and A. Bauer},
url = {http://www.sfoptique.org/agenda/evenements-organises-par-l-association/optiques-du-futur.html},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-13},
booktitle = {Optiques du futur},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Liang, Kevin; Alonso, Miguel A.
Effects of defocus and other quadratic errors on OTF Journal Article Forthcoming
In: Optics Letters, vol. 42, no. 24, pp. 5254-5257, Forthcoming.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: aberrations, CeFO, design, imaging
@article{AlonsoLiangOL17,
title = {Effects of defocus and other quadratic errors on OTF},
author = {Kevin Liang and Miguel A. Alonso},
url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/ol/upcoming.cfm},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-12},
journal = {Optics Letters},
volume = {42},
number = {24},
pages = {5254-5257},
abstract = {Even for the simplest nontrivial aberration, defocus, and for a circular pupil, there is no theoretical closed-form expression for the optical transfer function (OTF). By using a simple approximation for the error at the pupil, we provide a simple yet accurate approximation for the OTF of a defocused system. We then generalize this approach to generic quadratic aberrations, including astigmatism.},
keywords = {aberrations, CeFO, design, imaging},
pubstate = {forthcoming},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Even for the simplest nontrivial aberration, defocus, and for a circular pupil, there is no theoretical closed-form expression for the optical transfer function (OTF). By using a simple approximation for the error at the pupil, we provide a simple yet accurate approximation for the OTF of a defocused system. We then generalize this approach to generic quadratic aberrations, including astigmatism.
Bauer, A.; Schiesser, E. M.; Rolland, J. P.
Mirror Technology SBIR/STTR Workshop, 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{Bauer_nasa,
title = {Analyzing Aberration Fields of Three-mirror Telescope and Correcting them Using Freeform Zernike Surfaces},
author = {A. Bauer and E. M. Schiesser and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://spie.org/Documents/ConferencesExhibitions/Tech-Days-2017-Presentations-DRAFT.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-15},
booktitle = {Mirror Technology SBIR/STTR Workshop},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Horvath, N. W.; Barron, I. W.; Owen, J. D.; Dutterer, B. S.; Schiesser, E.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.; Davies, M. A.
Optomechanical design and fabrication of a snap together freeform TMA telescope Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the 32nd ASPE Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, October 19-November 3, 2017, ASPE, 2017, (Not available online without purchasing a volume by email.).
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, CeFO manufacturing
@inproceedings{HOR17,
title = {Optomechanical design and fabrication of a snap together freeform TMA telescope},
author = {N. W. Horvath and I. W. Barron and J.D. Owen and B.S. Dutterer and E. Schiesser and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland and M. A. Davies},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-03},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 32nd ASPE Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, October 19-November 3, 2017},
volume = {32},
publisher = {ASPE},
abstract = {Freeform optics can allow for more compact imager designs that do not sacrifice image quality as compared to traditional designs using spherical and aspherical optics[1,2,3,4,6]. In this work, a three mirror anastigmat (TMA) off-axis in-plane optical design, as shown in Figure 1, is the baseline for a diffraction-limited, 250 mm aperture, wide-field-of-view telescope using three freeform mirrors.
The work reported here focuses on the opto-mechanical design and tolerance quantification and qualitative performance testing for this novel system design[1]. The first objective of this work was optomechanical design and the construction of the system targeting the mirror placement tolerances necessary to maintain diffraction limited performance. The second objective of this work was to connect measurements of the attained assembly uncertainty to image quality. The end goal is to systematically connect measured assembly uncertainties with image performance and to provide feedback to optical designers on the methods for and the costs of maintaining these tolerances. Although the study here targeted a 1/3rd scale system with an 83 mm aperture, the methods are applicable to larger scale systems as well. Methods of precision manufacturing[5], precision assembly using kinematic mounts[7,8], and precision metrology are combined to achieve this goal.},
note = {Not available online without purchasing a volume by email.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Freeform optics can allow for more compact imager designs that do not sacrifice image quality as compared to traditional designs using spherical and aspherical optics[1,2,3,4,6]. In this work, a three mirror anastigmat (TMA) off-axis in-plane optical design, as shown in Figure 1, is the baseline for a diffraction-limited, 250 mm aperture, wide-field-of-view telescope using three freeform mirrors.
The work reported here focuses on the opto-mechanical design and tolerance quantification and qualitative performance testing for this novel system design[1]. The first objective of this work was optomechanical design and the construction of the system targeting the mirror placement tolerances necessary to maintain diffraction limited performance. The second objective of this work was to connect measurements of the attained assembly uncertainty to image quality. The end goal is to systematically connect measured assembly uncertainties with image performance and to provide feedback to optical designers on the methods for and the costs of maintaining these tolerances. Although the study here targeted a 1/3rd scale system with an 83 mm aperture, the methods are applicable to larger scale systems as well. Methods of precision manufacturing[5], precision assembly using kinematic mounts[7,8], and precision metrology are combined to achieve this goal.
The work reported here focuses on the opto-mechanical design and tolerance quantification and qualitative performance testing for this novel system design[1]. The first objective of this work was optomechanical design and the construction of the system targeting the mirror placement tolerances necessary to maintain diffraction limited performance. The second objective of this work was to connect measurements of the attained assembly uncertainty to image quality. The end goal is to systematically connect measured assembly uncertainties with image performance and to provide feedback to optical designers on the methods for and the costs of maintaining these tolerances. Although the study here targeted a 1/3rd scale system with an 83 mm aperture, the methods are applicable to larger scale systems as well. Methods of precision manufacturing[5], precision assembly using kinematic mounts[7,8], and precision metrology are combined to achieve this goal.
Shahinian, Hossein; Mullany, Brigid
Fiber Based Polishing Tools for Optical Applications Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the Optical Design and Fabrication conference, 2017., pp. OTu2B.4, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing
@inproceedings{Shahinian2017,
title = {Fiber Based Polishing Tools for Optical Applications},
author = {Hossein Shahinian and Brigid Mullany},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2017.OTu2B.4},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-03},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Optical Design and Fabrication conference, 2017.},
pages = {OTu2B.4},
abstract = {Small polymeric pad, and pitch polishing tools, are mainstream tools in deterministic polishing of precision optics. One drawback of such tools is that the pad or pitch is typically adhered to a rigid substrate, thus limiting their application to primarily planar and spherical workpiece geometries. In this paper a completely different approach is described; conventional tooling materials, i.e. pads and pitch, are replaced by polymeric fibers.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Small polymeric pad, and pitch polishing tools, are mainstream tools in deterministic polishing of precision optics. One drawback of such tools is that the pad or pitch is typically adhered to a rigid substrate, thus limiting their application to primarily planar and spherical workpiece geometries. In this paper a completely different approach is described; conventional tooling materials, i.e. pads and pitch, are replaced by polymeric fibers.
Shanmugam, P.; Sizemore, N. E.; Owen, J. D.; Fess, E.; Hamel, J.; Ross, J.; Lambropoulos, J.; Davies, M. A.
Grinding of silicon carbide for freeform optics Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings for the 32nd ASPE Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, October 19-November 3, 2017, 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing
@inproceedings{Shanmugam2017b,
title = {Grinding of silicon carbide for freeform optics},
author = {P. Shanmugam and N. E. Sizemore and J. D. Owen and E. Fess and J. Hamel and J. Ross and J. Lambropoulos and M. A. Davies},
url = {http://aspe.net/technical-meetings/32nd-annual-meeting/},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-03},
booktitle = {Proceedings for the 32nd ASPE Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, October 19-November 3, 2017},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
M. Hassan H. Shahinian, H. Cherukuri
Fiber Based Tools for Precision Polishing Applications Conference
vol. Oct (2017), ASPE 2017.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, manufacturing
@conference{mullany17a,
title = {Fiber Based Tools for Precision Polishing Applications},
author = {H. Shahinian, M. Hassan, H. Cherukuri, B. Mullany},
editor = {American Society for Precision Engineering (ASPE)},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-11-01},
volume = {Oct (2017)},
organization = {ASPE},
abstract = {In this article, research on novel fiber based polishing tools is presented. The motivation for developing such tools, was to provide tooling capable of reducing mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors on precision freeform and aspherical optics. },
keywords = {CeFO, manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
In this article, research on novel fiber based polishing tools is presented. The motivation for developing such tools, was to provide tooling capable of reducing mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors on precision freeform and aspherical optics.
Taylor, L. L.; Frechem, J. C.; Han, H.; Xu, J.; Smith, T. R.; Pomerantz, M.; Lambropoulos, J. C.; Qiao, J.
Controlling material removal rate and surface quality in femtosecond laser processing of optical materials Conference
SPIE OptiFab 2017, 2017.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, manufacturing
@conference{QiaoOptiFab17,
title = {Controlling material removal rate and surface quality in femtosecond laser processing of optical materials},
author = {L. L. Taylor and J. C. Frechem and H. Han and J. Xu and T. R. Smith and M. Pomerantz and J. C. Lambropoulos and J. Qiao},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-10-16},
booktitle = {SPIE OptiFab 2017},
keywords = {CeFO, manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Shahinian, H.; Hassan, M.; Cherukuri, H.; Mullany, B.
Fiber-based tools: material removal and mid-spatial frequency error reduction Journal Article
In: Applied Optics, vol. 56, no. 29, pp. 8266-8274, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, manufacturing
@article{mullany17,
title = {Fiber-based tools: material removal and mid-spatial frequency error reduction},
author = {H. Shahinian and M. Hassan and H. Cherukuri and B. Mullany},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.008266},
doi = {302390},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-10-09},
journal = {Applied Optics},
volume = {56},
number = {29},
pages = {8266-8274},
abstract = {This paper details the feasibility of using fiber-based tools in a computer numerical control (CNC) environment to process optical materials and their ability to reduce the amplitude of pre-existing mid-spatial-frequency (MSF) surface errors. The work is motivated by earlier research conducted by the group exploring the ability of polymeric fiber-based tools to remove material from BK7 glass substrates. To evaluate these tools in a CNC environment, three tasks are explored. First, the ability of the tools to maintain their form and material removal profile while operating under translational conditions is explored. Second, the ability of the tools to disengage and re-engage with the workpiece edge, and how this affects the tool’s material removal profile. Finite element (FE) modelling of the fiber–workpiece edge interaction was conducted to support the experimental work. And third, the deterministic behavior of the tool under full raster conditions is verified. Testing on a 3-axis CNC machine tool demonstrated that the tooling is sufficiently robust and stable to operate under translational and rotational speeds of 30 mm/s and 1000 rpm, respectively. Both the FE modeling and experimental testing confirmed the truncation of a fiber’s material removal profile as a fiber extends beyond the workpiece edge. The ability of fiber-based tools to reduce MSF errors was explored both through FE modeling and experimental testing on germanium samples. Both the FE model and experimental results demonstrate that fiber-based tools can successfully reduce pre-existing MSF errors.},
keywords = {CeFO, manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper details the feasibility of using fiber-based tools in a computer numerical control (CNC) environment to process optical materials and their ability to reduce the amplitude of pre-existing mid-spatial-frequency (MSF) surface errors. The work is motivated by earlier research conducted by the group exploring the ability of polymeric fiber-based tools to remove material from BK7 glass substrates. To evaluate these tools in a CNC environment, three tasks are explored. First, the ability of the tools to maintain their form and material removal profile while operating under translational conditions is explored. Second, the ability of the tools to disengage and re-engage with the workpiece edge, and how this affects the tool’s material removal profile. Finite element (FE) modelling of the fiber–workpiece edge interaction was conducted to support the experimental work. And third, the deterministic behavior of the tool under full raster conditions is verified. Testing on a 3-axis CNC machine tool demonstrated that the tooling is sufficiently robust and stable to operate under translational and rotational speeds of 30 mm/s and 1000 rpm, respectively. Both the FE modeling and experimental testing confirmed the truncation of a fiber’s material removal profile as a fiber extends beyond the workpiece edge. The ability of fiber-based tools to reduce MSF errors was explored both through FE modeling and experimental testing on germanium samples. Both the FE model and experimental results demonstrate that fiber-based tools can successfully reduce pre-existing MSF errors.
Rolland, J. P.; Bauer, A.
How Freeform Optics Induced Optical Aberrations Matter Conference
Proceedings of Frontiers in Optics 2017, Optical Society of America, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-943580-33-0.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{RollandFIO17,
title = {How Freeform Optics Induced Optical Aberrations Matter},
author = {J. P. Rolland and A. Bauer},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FIO.2017.FTh3D.1},
doi = {10.1364/FIO.2017.FTh3D.1},
isbn = {978-1-943580-33-0},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-21},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Frontiers in Optics 2017},
publisher = {Optical Society of America},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Rolland, J. P.
Freeform Optics Conference
Light and Sound Interactive 2017, 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{RollandLSI17,
title = {Freeform Optics},
author = {J. P. Rolland},
url = {http://www.lightandsound.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/LSI-2017-Final-Program.pdf},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-09-13},
booktitle = {Light and Sound Interactive 2017},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Reimers, J. P.; Bauer, A.; Thompson, K. P.; Rolland, J. P.
Freeform spectrometer enabling increased compactness Journal Article
In: Light: Science and Applications, vol. 6, no. e17026, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Reimers2017,
title = {Freeform spectrometer enabling increased compactness},
author = {J. P. Reimers and A. Bauer and K. P. Thompson and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/lsa201726},
doi = {10.1038/lsa.2017.26},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-28},
journal = {Light: Science and Applications},
volume = {6},
number = {e17026},
abstract = {We present optical designs with freeform optics in the context of hyperspectral imaging. Results show designs that are 5 × more compact in volume than similar designs using conventional spherical or aspherical surfaces. We will show how combining the concepts of spatial and spectral-band broadening, which will be introduced in this paper, led to the improvement in compactness that is uniquely enabled by freeform optics.},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present optical designs with freeform optics in the context of hyperspectral imaging. Results show designs that are 5 × more compact in volume than similar designs using conventional spherical or aspherical surfaces. We will show how combining the concepts of spatial and spectral-band broadening, which will be introduced in this paper, led to the improvement in compactness that is uniquely enabled by freeform optics.
Liang, Kevin; Alonso, Miguel A.
Understanding the effects of groove structures on the MTF Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 25, no. 16, pp. 18827-18841, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Alonso17,
title = {Understanding the effects of groove structures on the MTF},
author = {Kevin Liang and Miguel A. Alonso},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.018827},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.018827},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-25},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {25},
number = {16},
pages = {18827-18841},
abstract = {We develop a theory for understanding and modeling the effects of mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structures on the modulation transfer function (MTF) of an imaging system. We show that the MTF is related through Fourier transformation to what we call the pupil-difference probability density (PDPD) function. This relation is illustrated for several one-dimensional periodic groove patterns. We also consider two-dimensional pupils, particularly those presenting straight and circular concentric periodic surface errors, similar to those resulting from diamond turning and milling processes of freeform optical manufacturing, and develop simple approximations for the MTF based on the PDPD. Our approach provides an analytic way to understand the effects of tool profiles, as well as other freeform manufacturing parameters.},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We develop a theory for understanding and modeling the effects of mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structures on the modulation transfer function (MTF) of an imaging system. We show that the MTF is related through Fourier transformation to what we call the pupil-difference probability density (PDPD) function. This relation is illustrated for several one-dimensional periodic groove patterns. We also consider two-dimensional pupils, particularly those presenting straight and circular concentric periodic surface errors, similar to those resulting from diamond turning and milling processes of freeform optical manufacturing, and develop simple approximations for the MTF based on the PDPD. Our approach provides an analytic way to understand the effects of tool profiles, as well as other freeform manufacturing parameters.
Lambropoulos, John C.; Salzman, Sivan; Smith, Thomas R.; Xu, Jing; Pomerantz, Michael; Shanmugam, Prithiviraj; Davies, Matt; Taylor, Lauren L.; Qiao, Jie
Subsurface Damage (SSD) Assessment in Ground Silicon Carbide (SiC) Proceedings
OSA, vol. Optical Fabrication and Testing, no. Paper# OM3B.5 , 2017.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, CeFO related
@proceedings{Lambropoulos171,
title = {Subsurface Damage (SSD) Assessment in Ground Silicon Carbide (SiC)},
author = {Lambropoulos, John C. and Salzman, Sivan and Smith, Thomas R. and Xu, Jing and Pomerantz, Michael and Shanmugam, Prithiviraj and Davies, Matt and Taylor, Lauren L. and Qiao, Jie},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-20},
volume = {Optical Fabrication and Testing},
number = {Paper# OM3B.5 },
publisher = {OSA},
abstract = {We assess subsurface damage in ground Silicon Carbide, by measurement of roughness evolution and material removal rate in sub-aperture finished spots, or by estimates via material property figures of merit or abrasive size used for grinding.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, CeFO related},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
We assess subsurface damage in ground Silicon Carbide, by measurement of roughness evolution and material removal rate in sub-aperture finished spots, or by estimates via material property figures of merit or abrasive size used for grinding.
Hayes, A. B.; Zhou, W.; Bauer, A. M.; Owen, J. D.; Evans, C. J.; Davies, M. A.; Rolland, J. P.
Software Tools to Simplify the Transfer of a Lens Design to Manufacturing Conference
Proceedings of the International Optical Design Conference, no. JTh2B.2, SPIE SPIE, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, fabrication, manufacturing
@conference{hayes17a,
title = {Software Tools to Simplify the Transfer of a Lens Design to Manufacturing},
author = {A.B. Hayes and W. Zhou and A.M. Bauer and J.D. Owen and C.J. Evans and M.A. Davies and J.P. Rolland},
url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?uri=iodc-2017-JTh2B.2&origin=search},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Optical Design Conference},
number = {JTh2B.2},
publisher = {SPIE},
organization = {SPIE},
abstract = {Software tools for freeform surface fabrication are currently being developed. Major functions of the software include generating an ISO-standard fabrication document with part drawings and sag tables, producing CNC machine code for selected manufacturing machines, and representations such as slopes and full-field displays for evaluating the manufacturability of surfaces. These tools simplify the transition from design to manufacturing, increasing speed, simplicity and accuracy.
},
keywords = {CeFO, design, fabrication, manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Software tools for freeform surface fabrication are currently being developed. Major functions of the software include generating an ISO-standard fabrication document with part drawings and sag tables, producing CNC machine code for selected manufacturing machines, and representations such as slopes and full-field displays for evaluating the manufacturability of surfaces. These tools simplify the transition from design to manufacturing, increasing speed, simplicity and accuracy.
Reimers, J. P.; Thompson, K. P.; Troutman, J. R.; Owen, J. D.; Bauer, A.; Papa, J.; Whiteaker, K. L.; Yates, D.; Farsad, M.; Marasco, P.; Davies, M. A.; Rolland, J. P.
Increased Compactness of an Imaging Spectrometer Enabled by Freeform Surfaces Conference
Proceedings of the International Optical Design Conference 2017, Optical Society of America, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-943580-31-6.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{ReimersIODC17,
title = {Increased Compactness of an Imaging Spectrometer Enabled by Freeform Surfaces},
author = {J. P. Reimers and K. P. Thompson and J. R. Troutman and J. D. Owen and A. Bauer and J. Papa and K. L. Whiteaker and D. Yates and M. Farsad and P. Marasco and M. A. Davies and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2017.JW2C.5},
doi = {10.1364/FREEFORM.2017.JW2C.5},
isbn = {978-1-943580-31-6},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the International Optical Design Conference 2017},
publisher = {Optical Society of America},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Xu, D.; Reimers, J. P.; Papa, J.; Owen, J.; Davies, M. A.; Suleski, T. J.; Thompson, K. P.; Rolland, J. P.
Testing of a Convex Reflective Diffraction Grating Conference
Proceedings of Optical Fabrication and Testing 2017, Optical Society of America, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-943580-31-6.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, metrology
@conference{XuOFT17,
title = {Testing of a Convex Reflective Diffraction Grating},
author = {D. Xu and J. P. Reimers and J. Papa and J. Owen and M. A. Davies and T. J. Suleski and K. P. Thompson and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2017.OM2B.3},
doi = {10.1364/OFT.2017.OM2B.3},
isbn = {978-1-943580-31-6},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Optical Fabrication and Testing 2017},
publisher = {Optical Society of America},
keywords = {CeFO, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Bauer, A.; Schiesser, E. M.; Rolland, J. P.
Proceedings of Freeform Optics 2017, Optical Society of America, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-943580-31-6.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{BauerFF2017,
title = {Analyzing the Aberration Fields of a Three-mirror Telescope and Correcting them Using Freeform Zernike Surfaces},
author = {A. Bauer and E. M. Schiesser and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2017.JW3C.4},
doi = {10.1364/FREEFORM.2017.JW3C.4},
isbn = {978-1-943580-31-6},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
booktitle = {Proceedings of Freeform Optics 2017},
publisher = {Optical Society of America},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Takaki, N.; Rolland, J. P.
Mathematical Properties of Describing Freeform Optical Surfaces with Orthogonal Bases Conference
Proceedings of International Optical Design Conference 2017, Optical Society of America, 2017, ISBN: 978-1-943580-31-6.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@conference{TakakiIODC17,
title = {Mathematical Properties of Describing Freeform Optical Surfaces with Orthogonal Bases},
author = {N. Takaki and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2017.JW1B.1},
doi = {10.1364/FREEFORM.2017.JW1B.1},
isbn = {978-1-943580-31-6},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
booktitle = {Proceedings of International Optical Design Conference 2017},
publisher = {Optical Society of America},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Owen, Joseph; Davies, Matt; Suleski, Thomas J.
Diamond milling of IR materials Proceedings Article
In: Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT), 2017, ISBN: 978-1-943580-31-6.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing
@inproceedings{Owen2017a,
title = {Diamond milling of IR materials},
author = {Joseph Owen and Matt Davies and Thomas J. Suleski },
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2017.OTu1B.5},
isbn = {978-1-943580-31-6},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-13},
booktitle = {Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT)},
abstract = {We review the use of multi-axis milling as a method for manufacturing freeform optics in brittle materials. Implementing this technology requires understanding of material behavior and error correction/minimization. Several examples with infrared applications are discussed.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
We review the use of multi-axis milling as a method for manufacturing freeform optics in brittle materials. Implementing this technology requires understanding of material behavior and error correction/minimization. Several examples with infrared applications are discussed.
Aryan, H.; Evans, C. J.; Suleski, T. J.
On the Use of ISO 10110-8 for Specification of Optical Surfaces with Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors Conference
Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT), Optical Society of America, 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, test, testing
@conference{Suleski17_3,
title = {On the Use of ISO 10110-8 for Specification of Optical Surfaces with Mid-Spatial Frequency Errors},
author = {H. Aryan and C. J. Evans and T. J. Suleski},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2017.OM2B.3},
doi = {10.1364/OFT.2017.OM2B.3},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-12},
booktitle = {Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT)},
publisher = {Optical Society of America},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, test, testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Michalko, A. M.; Fienup, J. R.
Concave Mirror Measurement Using Transverse Translation Diverse Phase Retrieval Proceedings Article
In: OSA, (Ed.): in Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT), OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2017), paper OW2B.5. , 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology, metrology
@inproceedings{Michalko17,
title = {Concave Mirror Measurement Using Transverse Translation Diverse Phase Retrieval},
author = {A. M. Michalko and J. R. Fienup},
editor = {OSA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OFT.2017.OW2B.5},
doi = {10.1364/OFT.2017.OW2B.5},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-12},
urldate = {2017-07-12},
publisher = {in Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT), OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2017), paper OW2B.5. },
abstract = {Surface topography of a concave, spherical mirror is measured using transverse
translation diverse phase retrieval, an image-based wavefront sensing technique. Phase
retrieval results show quantitative agreement with independent interferometric measurements
of the same optic.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Surface topography of a concave, spherical mirror is measured using transverse
translation diverse phase retrieval, an image-based wavefront sensing technique. Phase
retrieval results show quantitative agreement with independent interferometric measurements
of the same optic.
translation diverse phase retrieval, an image-based wavefront sensing technique. Phase
retrieval results show quantitative agreement with independent interferometric measurements
of the same optic.
Taylor, L. L.; Frechem, J. C.; Han, H.; Xu, J.; Smith, T. R.; Pomerantz, M.; Lambropoulos, J. C.; Qiao, J.
Material Removal and Thermal Impact of Femtosecond- Laser Polishing for Germanium-Based Freeform Optics Proceedings
Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT), 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, manufacturing
@proceedings{QiaoOFT17,
title = {Material Removal and Thermal Impact of Femtosecond- Laser Polishing for Germanium-Based Freeform Optics},
author = {L. L. Taylor and J. C. Frechem and H. Han and J. Xu and T. R. Smith and M. Pomerantz and J. C. Lambropoulos and J. Qiao},
url = {http://www.osapublishing.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFT-2017-OTu3B.4},
doi = {10.1364/OFT.2017.OTu3B.4},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-09},
journal = {Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT)},
pages = {OTu3B.4},
publisher = {Optical Design and Fabrication 2017 (Freeform, IODC, OFT)},
keywords = {CeFO, manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Xu, D.; Owen, J.; Papa, J.; Reimers, J. P.; Suleski, T. J.; Troutman, J. R.; Davies, M. A.; Thompson, K. P.; Rolland, J. P.
Design, fabrication, and testing of convex reflective diffraction gratings Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 25, no. 13, pp. 15252-15268, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, fabrication, metrology
@article{Xu2017,
title = {Design, fabrication, and testing of convex reflective diffraction gratings },
author = {D. Xu and J. Owen and J. Papa and J. P. Reimers and T. J. Suleski and J. R. Troutman and M. A. Davies and K. P. Thompson and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://www.osapublishing.org/oe/abstract.cfm?uri=oe-25-13-15252},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-26},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {25},
number = {13},
pages = {15252-15268},
abstract = {The convex reflective diffraction grating is an essential optical component that lends itself to various applications. In this work, we first outline the design principles of convex diffraction gratings from wavefront quality and efficiency perspectives. We then describe a unique fabrication method that allows for the machining of convex diffraction gratings with variable groove structure, which is extendable to rotationally non-symmetric convex diffraction grating substrates. Finally, we demonstrate two quantitative wavefront measurement methods and respective experimental validation.},
keywords = {CeFO, fabrication, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The convex reflective diffraction grating is an essential optical component that lends itself to various applications. In this work, we first outline the design principles of convex diffraction gratings from wavefront quality and efficiency perspectives. We then describe a unique fabrication method that allows for the machining of convex diffraction gratings with variable groove structure, which is extendable to rotationally non-symmetric convex diffraction grating substrates. Finally, we demonstrate two quantitative wavefront measurement methods and respective experimental validation.
Liang, Kevin; Alonso, Miguel A.
MTF as the Fourier Transform of a Pupil-Difference Probability Density Presentation
26.06.2017, ISBN: 978-1-943580-29-3, (Mathematics in Imaging 2017).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@misc{Alonso17b,
title = {MTF as the Fourier Transform of a Pupil-Difference Probability Density},
author = {Kevin Liang and Miguel A. Alonso},
editor = {Optical Society of America},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/MATH.2017.MTu3C.2},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/MATH.2017.MTu3C.2},
isbn = {978-1-943580-29-3},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-06-26},
booktitle = {Imaging and Applied Optics 2017},
abstract = {We develop the theory for calculating the effects of mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structures on MTF through the Fourier transform of a pupil-difference probability density (PDPD) function. Its implementation is shown for several periodic groove patterns.},
note = {Mathematics in Imaging 2017},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
We develop the theory for calculating the effects of mid-spatial frequency (MSF) structures on MTF through the Fourier transform of a pupil-difference probability density (PDPD) function. Its implementation is shown for several periodic groove patterns.
Owen, J. D.; Shultz, J. A.; Suleski, T. J.; Davies, M. A.
Error correction methodology for ultra-precision three-axis milling of freeform optics Journal Article
In: CIRP Annals, vol. 66, no. 1, pp. 97-100, 2017.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, CEFO metrology
@article{Owen2017,
title = {Error correction methodology for ultra-precision three-axis milling of freeform optics},
author = {J.D. Owen and J.A. Shultz and T.J. Suleski and M.A. Davies},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2017.04.031},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-05-02},
journal = {CIRP Annals},
volume = {66},
number = {1},
pages = {97-100},
abstract = {Freeform optics facilitate a revolutionary approach to optical design. Ultra-precision diamond machining is an enabling technology for the manufacture of freeform optics. However, optical designs require tight tolerances across spatial wavelengths ranging from micro-roughness to overall form. To manufacture freeform optics to the necessary tolerances, a novel artifact-based error reduction methodology applicable to multi-axis diamond milling was developed. As demonstrated on a test sphere, the methodology reduces dominant error sources on the test sphere surface from 194 to 40 nm RMS. The approach is then successfully applied to an example freeform optical design where comparable error levels are achieved.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Freeform optics facilitate a revolutionary approach to optical design. Ultra-precision diamond machining is an enabling technology for the manufacture of freeform optics. However, optical designs require tight tolerances across spatial wavelengths ranging from micro-roughness to overall form. To manufacture freeform optics to the necessary tolerances, a novel artifact-based error reduction methodology applicable to multi-axis diamond milling was developed. As demonstrated on a test sphere, the methodology reduces dominant error sources on the test sphere surface from 194 to 40 nm RMS. The approach is then successfully applied to an example freeform optical design where comparable error levels are achieved.
Michalko, A. M.; Fienup, J. R.
Freeform surface metrology using transverse translation diverse phase retrieval Proceedings Article
In: ASPEN, ASPE (Ed.): Proceedings of the Spring Topical Meeting on the "Manufacture and Metrology of Structured and Freeform Surfaces for Functional Applications," Hong Kong, 2017.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@inproceedings{Michalko2017y,
title = {Freeform surface metrology using transverse translation diverse phase retrieval},
author = {A. M. Michalko and J. R. Fienup},
editor = {ASPEN, ASPE},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-30},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Spring Topical Meeting on the "Manufacture and
Metrology of Structured and Freeform Surfaces for Functional Applications," Hong Kong},
abstract = {Transverse Translation Diverse Phase Retrieval (TTDPR), a wavefront sensing technique similar to ptychography, is a viable method for measuring highly aberrated wavefronts produced by freeform optical surfaces. In TTDPR, a subaperture illumination pattern is translated across an optical field of interest, and, for each translated position, intensity is measured with an array detector in a distant, often near-focus, plane [1, 2]. The ensemble of measured intensity distributions is used in a joint-estimation algorithm, typically using non- linear optimization, to estimate wavefront aberration in the field of interest. Other relevant parameters such as the field amplitude and imperfectly known illumination pattern may be reconstructed as well. From this wavefront measurement, meaningful metrological information, such as surface topography, may be inferred. TTDPR requires a relatively simple and compact experimental arrangement consisting of an optical field under test, a translating subaperture, and a detector. Unlike conventional interferometric techniques, TTDPR does not suffer from retrace errors, nor does it require reference or nulling optics. Additionally, TTDPR has reduced sensitivity to vibration compared with an interferometer [3]. It is therefore a relatively inexpensive, yet accurate solution for aspheric and freeform optical metrology.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Transverse Translation Diverse Phase Retrieval (TTDPR), a wavefront sensing technique similar to ptychography, is a viable method for measuring highly aberrated wavefronts produced by freeform optical surfaces. In TTDPR, a subaperture illumination pattern is translated across an optical field of interest, and, for each translated position, intensity is measured with an array detector in a distant, often near-focus, plane [1, 2]. The ensemble of measured intensity distributions is used in a joint-estimation algorithm, typically using non- linear optimization, to estimate wavefront aberration in the field of interest. Other relevant parameters such as the field amplitude and imperfectly known illumination pattern may be reconstructed as well. From this wavefront measurement, meaningful metrological information, such as surface topography, may be inferred. TTDPR requires a relatively simple and compact experimental arrangement consisting of an optical field under test, a translating subaperture, and a detector. Unlike conventional interferometric techniques, TTDPR does not suffer from retrace errors, nor does it require reference or nulling optics. Additionally, TTDPR has reduced sensitivity to vibration compared with an interferometer [3]. It is therefore a relatively inexpensive, yet accurate solution for aspheric and freeform optical metrology.
Shanmugam, P.; Owen, J. D.; Salzman, S.; Troutman, J. R.; Lambropoulos, J.; Davies, M. A.
Fundamentals of material removal in silicon carbide for freeform optics Proceedings Article
In: Proceedings of the ASPEN/ASPE 2017 Spring Topical Meeting: Manufacture and Metrology of Structured and Freeform Surfaces for Functional Applications, Paper 0048, 14-17 March 2017, Hong Kong, ASPEN/ASPE, 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing
@inproceedings{Shanmugam2017,
title = {Fundamentals of material removal in silicon carbide for freeform optics},
author = {P. Shanmugam and J. D. Owen and S. Salzman and J. R. Troutman and J. Lambropoulos and M. A. Davies},
url = {http://www.aspen-aspe2017-topical.com/index.php},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-17},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASPEN/ASPE 2017 Spring Topical Meeting: Manufacture and Metrology of Structured and Freeform Surfaces for Functional Applications, Paper 0048, 14-17 March 2017, Hong Kong},
publisher = {ASPEN/ASPE},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {inproceedings}
}
Shultz, J. A.; Aryan, H.; Owen, J. D.; Davies, M. A.; Suleski, T. J.
Impacts of sub-aperture manufacturing techniques on the performance of freeform optics Conference
Proceedings ASPE/ASPEN Spring Topical Meeting: Manufacture and Metrology of Structured and Freeform Surfaces for Functional Applications, ASPE/ASPEN, 2017.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, testing
@conference{Suleski17_5,
title = {Impacts of sub-aperture manufacturing techniques on the performance of freeform optics},
author = {J. A. Shultz and H. Aryan and J. D. Owen and M. A. Davies and T. J. Suleski},
url = {http://www.aspen-aspe2017-topical.com/index.php},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-03-16},
booktitle = {Proceedings ASPE/ASPEN Spring Topical Meeting: Manufacture and Metrology of Structured and Freeform Surfaces for Functional Applications},
publisher = {ASPE/ASPEN},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}