2024
Bauer, A.; Schiesser, E. M.; Rolland, J. P.
Geometry Selection in Three-Mirror Freeform Imagers with an Accessible Exit Pupil Journal Article
In: Sensors, vol. 24, pp. 4816, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@article{bauer_reimaging_2024,
title = {Geometry Selection in Three-Mirror Freeform Imagers with an Accessible Exit Pupil},
author = {A. Bauer and E. M. Schiesser and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/s24154816},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-07-24},
urldate = {2024-07-24},
journal = {Sensors},
volume = {24},
pages = {4816},
abstract = {Reimaging telescopes have an accessible exit pupil that facilitates stray light mitigation and matching to auxiliary optical systems. Freeform surfaces present the opportunity for unobscured reflective systems to be folded into geometries that are otherwise impracticable with conventional surface types. It is critical, however, to understand the limitations of the enabled folding geometries and choose the one that best balances the optical performance and mechanical requirements. Here, we used the aberration theory of freeform surfaces to determine the aberration correction potential for using freeform surfaces in reimaging three-mirror telescopes and established a hierarchy for the different folding geometries without using optimization. We found that when using freeform optics, the ideal folding geometry had 9× better wavefront performance compared to the next best geometry. Within that ideal geometry, the system using freeform optics had 39% better wavefront performance compared to a system using off-axis asphere surfaces, thus quantifying one of the advantages of freeform optics in this design space.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Reimaging telescopes have an accessible exit pupil that facilitates stray light mitigation and matching to auxiliary optical systems. Freeform surfaces present the opportunity for unobscured reflective systems to be folded into geometries that are otherwise impracticable with conventional surface types. It is critical, however, to understand the limitations of the enabled folding geometries and choose the one that best balances the optical performance and mechanical requirements. Here, we used the aberration theory of freeform surfaces to determine the aberration correction potential for using freeform surfaces in reimaging three-mirror telescopes and established a hierarchy for the different folding geometries without using optimization. We found that when using freeform optics, the ideal folding geometry had 9× better wavefront performance compared to the next best geometry. Within that ideal geometry, the system using freeform optics had 39% better wavefront performance compared to a system using off-axis asphere surfaces, thus quantifying one of the advantages of freeform optics in this design space.
Bauer, A.; Zhang, C.; Liu, Y.; Rolland, J. P.
Multiconfiguration afocal freeform telescopes Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 32, iss. 4, pp. 6154-6167, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@article{bauer_afocal_2024,
title = {Multiconfiguration afocal freeform telescopes},
author = {A. Bauer and C. Zhang and Y. Liu and J.P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.516961},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-02-12},
urldate = {2024-02-12},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {32},
issue = {4},
pages = {6154-6167},
abstract = {An approach to designing multiconfiguration afocal telescopes is developed and demonstrated. Freeform surfaces are used to maximize the achievable diffraction-limited zoom ratio while staying in a compact volume for a two-position multiconfiguration afocal optical system. The limitations of these systems with three-mirror beam paths are discussed and subsequently overcome by introducing an additional degree of freedom. In a four-mirror beam path system, the goal of a 5x zoom ratio is achieved with a compensated exit pupil and diffraction-limited performance. A significant benefit in optical performance when using freeform surfaces is shown compared to more conventional surface types.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
An approach to designing multiconfiguration afocal telescopes is developed and demonstrated. Freeform surfaces are used to maximize the achievable diffraction-limited zoom ratio while staying in a compact volume for a two-position multiconfiguration afocal optical system. The limitations of these systems with three-mirror beam paths are discussed and subsequently overcome by introducing an additional degree of freedom. In a four-mirror beam path system, the goal of a 5x zoom ratio is achieved with a compensated exit pupil and diffraction-limited performance. A significant benefit in optical performance when using freeform surfaces is shown compared to more conventional surface types.
DeMars, L. A.; Bauer, A.; Stone, B. D.; Rolland, J. P.; Suleski, T. J.
Workflow for modeling of generalized mid-spatial frequency errors in optical systems Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 32, iss. 2, pp. 2688-2703, 2024.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@article{DeMars24a,
title = {Workflow for modeling of generalized mid-spatial frequency errors in optical systems},
author = {L. A. DeMars and A. Bauer and B.D. Stone and J.P. Rolland and T.J. Suleski},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.511349},
year = {2024},
date = {2024-01-15},
urldate = {2024-01-15},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {32},
issue = {2},
pages = {2688-2703},
abstract = {We propose a workflow for modeling generalized mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors in optical imaging systems. This workflow enables the classification of MSF distributions, filtering of bandlimited signatures, propagation of MSF errors to the exit pupil, and performance predictions that differentiate performance impacts due to the MSF distributions. We demonstrate the workflow by modeling the performance impacts of MSF errors for both transmissive and reflective imaging systems with near-diffraction-limited performance.},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We propose a workflow for modeling generalized mid-spatial frequency (MSF) errors in optical imaging systems. This workflow enables the classification of MSF distributions, filtering of bandlimited signatures, propagation of MSF errors to the exit pupil, and performance predictions that differentiate performance impacts due to the MSF distributions. We demonstrate the workflow by modeling the performance impacts of MSF errors for both transmissive and reflective imaging systems with near-diffraction-limited performance.
2023
Romer N. J.R. Kuhn,; Rolland, J. P.
Curvature polishing for light-weight, thin reflective optics Conference
SPIE, Rochester, NY, USA, 2023, ISBN: 9781510668058.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, fabrication
@conference{nokey,
title = {Curvature polishing for light-weight, thin reflective optics},
author = {Romer N. J.R. Kuhn, and J.P. Rolland},
editor = {DeGroote_Nelson, Jessica; Unger, Blair L},
isbn = {9781510668058},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-11-30},
pages = {6},
publisher = {SPIE},
address = {Rochester, NY, USA},
abstract = {Traditional optical manufacturing techniques such as abrasive polishing and diamond turning create precise surfaces by removing material from the optical surface of a mirror. Such techniques often require many cycles of removal and metrology and can leave surface roughness or tool marks that negatively affect the straylight properties of an optical system. These residual artifacts often necessitate expensive postprocessing such as ion beam finishing. Limiting straylight is particularly crucial in the design of reflecting coronagraphs or optical systems that are sensitive to scattered light, for example for exoplanet detection, where even low-level scattering can degrade contrast ratios below the sensitivity needed to detect exoplanets. We introduce a non-contact method for shaping thin front-surface mirrors to avoid tool artifacts. Using laser techniques to alter local surface stresses, we deterministically introduce ≥ 8 waves (632.8 nm) of shape to 2 mm thick substrates. A deterministic method for creating arbitrary surface figures is under development and calibration.},
keywords = {CeFO, fabrication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
Traditional optical manufacturing techniques such as abrasive polishing and diamond turning create precise surfaces by removing material from the optical surface of a mirror. Such techniques often require many cycles of removal and metrology and can leave surface roughness or tool marks that negatively affect the straylight properties of an optical system. These residual artifacts often necessitate expensive postprocessing such as ion beam finishing. Limiting straylight is particularly crucial in the design of reflecting coronagraphs or optical systems that are sensitive to scattered light, for example for exoplanet detection, where even low-level scattering can degrade contrast ratios below the sensitivity needed to detect exoplanets. We introduce a non-contact method for shaping thin front-surface mirrors to avoid tool artifacts. Using laser techniques to alter local surface stresses, we deterministically introduce ≥ 8 waves (632.8 nm) of shape to 2 mm thick substrates. A deterministic method for creating arbitrary surface figures is under development and calibration.
Xu, Jing; Chen, Gong; Qiao, Jie; Lambropoulos, John C.
Subsurface damage assessment on femtosecond laser-processed surfaces Conference
Optifab 2023, vol. 12778, SPIE, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, manufacturing
@conference{xu2023subsurface,
title = {Subsurface damage assessment on femtosecond laser-processed surfaces},
author = {Jing Xu and Gong Chen and Jie Qiao and John C. Lambropoulos},
doi = {doi: 10.1117/12.2691712},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-11-29},
urldate = {2023-11-23},
booktitle = {Optifab 2023},
volume = {12778},
pages = {273-278},
publisher = {SPIE},
abstract = {We present a new experimental method for assessing subsurface damage (SSD) on optical glasses processed using fs-laser. The method employed nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy to characterize material damage. Statistically, our method shows over 95% confidence for SSD depths of over 55 nm. According to our results, the fs-laser processed surfaces with optimized processing parameters revealed no detectable SSD, thus establishing the feasibility of fs-laser polishing for
precision optical manufacturing.},
howpublished = {Presentation + Paper},
keywords = {CeFO, manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
We present a new experimental method for assessing subsurface damage (SSD) on optical glasses processed using fs-laser. The method employed nanoindentation and Raman spectroscopy to characterize material damage. Statistically, our method shows over 95% confidence for SSD depths of over 55 nm. According to our results, the fs-laser processed surfaces with optimized processing parameters revealed no detectable SSD, thus establishing the feasibility of fs-laser polishing for
precision optical manufacturing.
precision optical manufacturing.
Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
MULTICONFIGURATION AFOCAL REFLECTIVE TELESCOPE Patent
2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@patent{cefo29_provisional23,
title = {MULTICONFIGURATION AFOCAL REFLECTIVE TELESCOPE},
author = {A. Bauer and J.P. Rolland},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-24},
urldate = {2023-10-24},
abstract = {Optical designs for an afocal telescope system that is switchable between a relatively low magnification, large field of view mode (e.g., for object searching) and a relatively high-magnification, low field of view mode (e.g., for object inspection) are described. An approach to designing such a multiconfiguration afocal telescopes is developed and demonstrated. Freeform surfaces are used to maximize the achievable diffraction-limited zoom ratio while staying in a compact volume for a two-position multiconfiguration afocal telescope. In some embodiments, a goal of a 5x zoom ratio is achieved with a compensated exit pupil and diffraction-limited performance. A significant benefit in optical performance when using freeform reflective surfaces in such a multiconfiguration afocal telescope is shown compared to more conventional surface types.
},
howpublished = {Provisional Patent},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
Optical designs for an afocal telescope system that is switchable between a relatively low magnification, large field of view mode (e.g., for object searching) and a relatively high-magnification, low field of view mode (e.g., for object inspection) are described. An approach to designing such a multiconfiguration afocal telescopes is developed and demonstrated. Freeform surfaces are used to maximize the achievable diffraction-limited zoom ratio while staying in a compact volume for a two-position multiconfiguration afocal telescope. In some embodiments, a goal of a 5x zoom ratio is achieved with a compensated exit pupil and diffraction-limited performance. A significant benefit in optical performance when using freeform reflective surfaces in such a multiconfiguration afocal telescope is shown compared to more conventional surface types.
DeMars, L. A.; Suleski, T. J.
Use of pupil-difference moments for predicting optical performance impacts of generalized mid-spatial frequency surface errors Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 31, iss. 22, pp. 36337-36349, 2023.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@article{DeMars23b,
title = {Use of pupil-difference moments for predicting optical performance impacts of generalized mid-spatial frequency surface errors},
author = {L. A. DeMars and T.J. Suleski},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.503735},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-10-13},
urldate = {2023-10-13},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {31},
issue = {22},
pages = {36337-36349},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bauer, A.; Zhang, C.; Rolland, J. P.
Exit pupil quality analysis and optimization in freeform afocal telescope systems Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 31, iss. 15, pp. 24691-24701, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Bauer2023,
title = {Exit pupil quality analysis and optimization in freeform afocal telescope systems},
author = {A. Bauer and C. Zhang and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.496444},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-07-17},
urldate = {2023-07-17},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {31},
issue = {15},
pages = {24691-24701},
abstract = {Afocal telescopes are often used as foreoptics to existing imaging systems to allow for application flexibility. To properly combine an afocal telescope with an existing imaging system, the exit pupil of the afocal telescope and the entrance pupil of the imaging system must be coincident. Additionally, the exit pupil of the afocal telescope must be well-formed; that is, it must be the correct size and shape to mitigate pupil-matching challenges. This work introduces processes for designing freeform afocal telescopes with an emphasis on understanding how to analyze and control the exit pupil quality of such systems. The included 3-mirror design examples demonstrate the advantages of using freeform surfaces in afocal systems and quantify the tradeoffs required to improve the exit pupil quality.},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Afocal telescopes are often used as foreoptics to existing imaging systems to allow for application flexibility. To properly combine an afocal telescope with an existing imaging system, the exit pupil of the afocal telescope and the entrance pupil of the imaging system must be coincident. Additionally, the exit pupil of the afocal telescope must be well-formed; that is, it must be the correct size and shape to mitigate pupil-matching challenges. This work introduces processes for designing freeform afocal telescopes with an emphasis on understanding how to analyze and control the exit pupil quality of such systems. The included 3-mirror design examples demonstrate the advantages of using freeform surfaces in afocal systems and quantify the tradeoffs required to improve the exit pupil quality.
DeMars, L. A.; Rueda, S.; Suleski, T. J.
MSFLib: A Data Library of Mid-Spatial Frequency Surface Errors for Optical Modeling and Specification Proceedings
2023, ISBN: 978-1-957171-22-7, (Optical Fabrication and Testing 2023 Québec City, Québec Canada 4–8 June 2023).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@proceedings{DeMars23d,
title = {MSFLib: A Data Library of Mid-Spatial Frequency Surface Errors for Optical Modeling and Specification},
author = {L. A. DeMars and S. Rueda and T.J. Suleski},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?uri=OFT-2023-OW4B.2},
isbn = {978-1-957171-22-7},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-08},
urldate = {2023-06-08},
abstract = {We describe the development of a data library of mid-spatial frequency surface errors for optical components. This resource enables better understanding of specification of mid-spatial frequency surface errors and their connections to optical performance.},
note = {Optical Fabrication and Testing 2023
Québec City, Québec Canada
4–8 June 2023},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
We describe the development of a data library of mid-spatial frequency surface errors for optical components. This resource enables better understanding of specification of mid-spatial frequency surface errors and their connections to optical performance.
DeMars, L. A.; Rueda, S.; Alonso, M. A.; Suleski, T. J.
Fitting Mid-Spatial Frequency Surface Errors with a Rapidly Decaying Fourier Series Proceedings
2023, ISBN: 978-1-957171-22-7, (Optical Fabrication and Testing 2023 Québec City, Québec Canada 4–8 June 2023).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error
@proceedings{DeMars23c,
title = {Fitting Mid-Spatial Frequency Surface Errors with a Rapidly Decaying Fourier Series},
author = {L. A. DeMars and S. Rueda and M.A. Alonso and T.J. Suleski},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?uri=OFT-2023-OW4B.1},
isbn = {978-1-957171-22-7},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-08},
urldate = {2023-06-08},
abstract = {We apply the Nb=1 solution of the Rapidly Decaying Fourier series to fit mid-spatial frequency surface errors. Using this basis enables definition of sharp spatial frequency bandlimits for mid-spatial frequency specification of optical surfaces.},
note = {Optical Fabrication and Testing 2023
Québec City, Québec Canada
4–8 June 2023},
keywords = {CeFO, manufacturing, metrology, Mid-Spatial Frequency error},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
We apply the Nb=1 solution of the Rapidly Decaying Fourier series to fit mid-spatial frequency surface errors. Using this basis enables definition of sharp spatial frequency bandlimits for mid-spatial frequency specification of optical surfaces.
R. Chaudhuri, R. Manjula Naranayan; Rolland, J. P.
Reconfigurable interferometry for freeform optics using a spatial light modulator Conference
Advanced Metrology Systems III: Interferometry at Optica Design and Fabrication, 2023.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, metrology
@conference{Chaudhuri2023,
title = {Reconfigurable interferometry for freeform optics using a spatial light modulator},
author = {Chaudhuri, R., R. Manjula Naranayan, and J. P. Rolland},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-06-04},
publisher = {Advanced Metrology Systems III: Interferometry at Optica Design and Fabrication},
abstract = {A spatial light modulator is deployed as the nulling element in the interferometric measurement of a freeform optic. Form measurement of a 65 mm aperture concave freeform with 91 μm peak-valley freeform sag is reported.},
keywords = {CeFO, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
A spatial light modulator is deployed as the nulling element in the interferometric measurement of a freeform optic. Form measurement of a 65 mm aperture concave freeform with 91 μm peak-valley freeform sag is reported.
Xu, Jing; Chen, Gong; Qiao, Jie; Lambropoulos, John C.
Assessment of sub-micron subsurface damage in glass Journal Article
In: Applied Optics, vol. 62, no. 16, pp. 4161-4170, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, manufacturing
@article{xu2023assessment,
title = {Assessment of sub-micron subsurface damage in glass},
author = {Jing Xu and Gong Chen and Jie Qiao and John C. Lambropoulos},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.488105},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-19},
journal = {Applied Optics},
volume = {62},
number = {16},
pages = {4161-4170},
abstract = {We present a new, to the best of our knowledge, experimental method for assessing sub-micron level subsurface damage (SSD) on optical glass. The method correlates surface characteristics such as the fracture toughness and Young’s modulus via nanoindentation with the penetration depth into the tested surfaces at different overall penetration depths, as revealed by magnetorheological finishing spotting techniques. Our results on ground surfaces suggest that low surface roughness does not necessarily imply the absence of SSD. We also compared SSD on surfaces processed by deterministic microgrinding and femtosecond (fs) laser polishing. The fs-laser polished surfaces revealed no detectable SSD, thus establishing the feasibility of fs-laser polishing for precision optical manufacturing.},
keywords = {CeFO, manufacturing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We present a new, to the best of our knowledge, experimental method for assessing sub-micron level subsurface damage (SSD) on optical glass. The method correlates surface characteristics such as the fracture toughness and Young’s modulus via nanoindentation with the penetration depth into the tested surfaces at different overall penetration depths, as revealed by magnetorheological finishing spotting techniques. Our results on ground surfaces suggest that low surface roughness does not necessarily imply the absence of SSD. We also compared SSD on surfaces processed by deterministic microgrinding and femtosecond (fs) laser polishing. The fs-laser polished surfaces revealed no detectable SSD, thus establishing the feasibility of fs-laser polishing for precision optical manufacturing.
DeMars, L. A.; Suleski, T. J.
Pupil-difference moments for estimating relative modulation from general mid-spatial frequency surface errors Journal Article
In: Optics Letters, vol. 48, iss. 9, pp. 2492-2495, 2023.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology
@article{DeMars23a,
title = {Pupil-difference moments for estimating relative modulation from general mid-spatial frequency surface errors},
author = {L. A. DeMars and T.J. Suleski},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.491408},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-05-01},
urldate = {2023-05-01},
journal = {Optics Letters},
volume = {48},
issue = {9},
pages = {2492-2495},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Moein, S.; Gurganus, D.; Davies, M. A.; Boreman, G. D.; Suleski, T. J.
Fabrication and characterization of freeform phase plates for extended depth of field imaging Journal Article
In: Optics Continuum, vol. 2, iss. 4, pp. 769-782, 2023.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, testing
@article{Moein23a,
title = {Fabrication and characterization of freeform phase plates for extended depth of field imaging},
author = {S. Moein and D. Gurganus and M. A. Davies and G.D. Boreman and T.J. Suleski},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTCON.480895},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-03-27},
urldate = {2023-03-27},
journal = {Optics Continuum},
volume = {2},
issue = {4},
pages = {769-782},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology, testing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Liu, Y.; Steidle, J.; Rolland, J. P.
Intrinsic aberration coefficients for plane-symmetric optical systems consisting of spherical surfaces Journal Article
In: Journal of the Optical Society of America A, vol. 40, iss. 2, pp. 378-387, 2023.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Liu2023,
title = {Intrinsic aberration coefficients for plane-symmetric optical systems consisting of spherical surfaces},
author = {Y. Liu and J. Steidle and J. P. Rolland},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.477962},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAA.477962},
year = {2023},
date = {2023-01-20},
urldate = {2023-01-20},
journal = {Journal of the Optical Society of America A},
volume = {40},
issue = {2},
pages = {378-387},
abstract = {This paper presents the analytical form of the intrinsic aberration coefficients for spherical plane-symmetric optical systems expressed as a function of first-order system parameters and the paraxial chief and marginal ray angles and heights. The derived aberration coefficients are in the third and fourth groups with the multiplication of two or three vector products of pupil and field vectors.},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the analytical form of the intrinsic aberration coefficients for spherical plane-symmetric optical systems expressed as a function of first-order system parameters and the paraxial chief and marginal ray angles and heights. The derived aberration coefficients are in the third and fourth groups with the multiplication of two or three vector products of pupil and field vectors.
2022
Chaudhuri, R.; Wansha, A.; Porras-Aguilar, R.; Rolland, J. P.
Implementation of a null test for freeform optics using a high-definition spatial light modulator Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 30, iss. 24, pp. 43938-43960, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@article{romita_2022,
title = {Implementation of a null test for freeform optics using a high-definition spatial light modulator},
author = {R. Chaudhuri and A. Wansha and R. Porras-Aguilar and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.473853},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-21},
urldate = {2022-11-21},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {30},
issue = {24},
pages = {43938-43960},
abstract = {We report the implementation of an interferometric null test using a high-definition spatial light modulator (SLM) as a reconfigurable alternative to a computer-generated hologram. We detail the alignment process chain, including novel techniques using the SLM to project alignment fiducials on the test part. To validate the alignment protocol, we measure a mild off-axis conic with the SLM-based system and cross-validate with conventional interferometry within 30 nm root-mean-square (RMS) surface figure. Finally, we report the null test of a 65 mm clear aperture concave freeform with 91 μm peak-valley sag departure from the base sphere. The measured surface figure of the freeform is within 40 nm RMS compared to the measurement with a commercial metrology instrument.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We report the implementation of an interferometric null test using a high-definition spatial light modulator (SLM) as a reconfigurable alternative to a computer-generated hologram. We detail the alignment process chain, including novel techniques using the SLM to project alignment fiducials on the test part. To validate the alignment protocol, we measure a mild off-axis conic with the SLM-based system and cross-validate with conventional interferometry within 30 nm root-mean-square (RMS) surface figure. Finally, we report the null test of a 65 mm clear aperture concave freeform with 91 μm peak-valley sag departure from the base sphere. The measured surface figure of the freeform is within 40 nm RMS compared to the measurement with a commercial metrology instrument.
Shadalou, S.; Gurganus, D.; Cassarly, W. J.; Davies, M. A.; Suleski, T. J.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of a tunable LED-based illuminator using refractive freeform arrays Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 30, no. 23, pp. 42749-42761, 2022.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology
@article{Shadalou22b,
title = {Design, fabrication, and characterization of a tunable LED-based illuminator using refractive freeform arrays},
author = {S. Shadalou and D. Gurganus and W. J. Cassarly and M. A. Davies and T.J. Suleski},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.474842},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-11-04},
urldate = {2022-11-04},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {30},
number = {23},
pages = {42749-42761},
keywords = {CeFO, design, manufacturing, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ramirez-Andrade, A. H.; Shadalou, S.; Gurganus, D.; Davies, M. A.; Suleski, T. J.; Falaggis, K.
Vision ray metrology: a new versatile tool for the metrology and alignment of optics Proceedings
SPIE, vol. 12223, 2022, (Proc. SPIE 12223, Interferometry XXI, 1222304 ).
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, metrology
@proceedings{Ramirez22a,
title = {Vision ray metrology: a new versatile tool for the metrology and alignment of optics},
author = {A.H. Ramirez-Andrade and S. Shadalou and D. Gurganus and M.A. Davies and T.J. Suleski and K. Falaggis},
editor = {SPIE},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2634327},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-10-03},
urldate = {2022-10-03},
booktitle = {Interferometry XXI},
volume = {12223},
pages = {1222304},
publisher = {SPIE},
note = {Proc. SPIE 12223, Interferometry XXI, 1222304 },
keywords = {CeFO, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Suleski, T. J.
Research highlights from CeFO, the Center for Freeform Optics Presentation
14.09.2022.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO
@misc{Suleski22a,
title = {Research highlights from CeFO, the Center for Freeform Optics},
author = {T.J. Suleski},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-09-14},
abstract = {OptoNet Workshop · Ultra Precision Manufacturing of Aspheres and Freeforms },
keywords = {CeFO},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
OptoNet Workshop · Ultra Precision Manufacturing of Aspheres and Freeforms
Chen, Gong; Qiao, Jie
Femtosecond-laser-enabled simultaneous figuring and finishing of glass with a subnanometer optical surface Journal Article
In: Optics Letters, vol. 47, iss. 15, pp. 3860-3863, 2022.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, fabrication
@article{Chen2022,
title = {Femtosecond-laser-enabled simultaneous figuring and finishing of glass with a subnanometer optical surface},
author = {Gong Chen and Jie Qiao},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/ol/fulltext.cfm?uri=ol-47-15-3860&id=481949},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-26},
urldate = {2022-07-26},
journal = {Optics Letters},
volume = {47},
issue = {15},
pages = {3860-3863},
abstract = {We demonstrate simultaneous figuring and surface finishing
of glass using a femtosecond laser. For the first time, to
the best of our knowledge, we have achieved deterministic
material removal with nanometer precision and maintained
sub-nanometer surface roughness without inducing
any mid-spatial-frequency errors to the initial surface. A
dynamic pulse propagation model is established to predict
the interaction process, including plasma generation
and surface temperature. The interactive modeling and the
experiments enable the selection of a set of laser parameters
to achieve controllable optical figuring and finishing.
This demonstration shows the potential for using femtosecond
lasers for advanced freeform optic forming, finishing,
and reduction of detrimental mid-spatial-frequency errors,
and laser-ablation-based patterning used for fabrication of
integrated photonics and lasers.},
keywords = {CeFO, fabrication},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
We demonstrate simultaneous figuring and surface finishing
of glass using a femtosecond laser. For the first time, to
the best of our knowledge, we have achieved deterministic
material removal with nanometer precision and maintained
sub-nanometer surface roughness without inducing
any mid-spatial-frequency errors to the initial surface. A
dynamic pulse propagation model is established to predict
the interaction process, including plasma generation
and surface temperature. The interactive modeling and the
experiments enable the selection of a set of laser parameters
to achieve controllable optical figuring and finishing.
This demonstration shows the potential for using femtosecond
lasers for advanced freeform optic forming, finishing,
and reduction of detrimental mid-spatial-frequency errors,
and laser-ablation-based patterning used for fabrication of
integrated photonics and lasers.
of glass using a femtosecond laser. For the first time, to
the best of our knowledge, we have achieved deterministic
material removal with nanometer precision and maintained
sub-nanometer surface roughness without inducing
any mid-spatial-frequency errors to the initial surface. A
dynamic pulse propagation model is established to predict
the interaction process, including plasma generation
and surface temperature. The interactive modeling and the
experiments enable the selection of a set of laser parameters
to achieve controllable optical figuring and finishing.
This demonstration shows the potential for using femtosecond
lasers for advanced freeform optic forming, finishing,
and reduction of detrimental mid-spatial-frequency errors,
and laser-ablation-based patterning used for fabrication of
integrated photonics and lasers.
Moein, S.; Shadalou, S.; Suleski, T. J.
PSF engineering with variable logarithmic phase plates for the extended depth of field Journal Article
In: Optics Continuum, vol. 1, pp. 1579-1592, 2022.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Moein22a,
title = {PSF engineering with variable logarithmic phase plates for the extended depth of field},
author = {S. Moein and S. Shadalou and T.J. Suleski},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OPTCON.465138},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-07-07},
urldate = {2022-07-07},
journal = {Optics Continuum},
volume = {1},
pages = {1579-1592},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Shadalou, S.; Suleski, T. J.
General design method for dynamic freeform optics with variable functionality Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 30, iss. 11, pp. 19974-19989, 2022.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, design
@article{Shadalou22a,
title = {General design method for dynamic freeform optics with variable functionality},
author = {S. Shadalou and T.J. Suleski},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.460078},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-05-19},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {30},
issue = {11},
pages = {19974-19989},
keywords = {CeFO, design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
2021
Ramirez-Andrade, A. H.; Shadalou, S.; Gurganus, D.; Davies, M. A.; Suleski, T. J.; Falaggis, K.
Vision ray metrology for freeform optics Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 29, no. 26, pp. 43480-4350, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, metrology
@article{nokey,
title = {Vision ray metrology for freeform optics},
author = {A.H. Ramirez-Andrade and S. Shadalou and D. Gurganus and M.A. Davies and T.J. Suleski and K. Falaggis},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.443550},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-12-13},
urldate = {2021-12-13},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {29},
number = {26},
pages = {43480-4350},
abstract = {Vision ray techniques are known in the optical community to provide low-uncertainty image formation models. In this work, we extend this approach and propose a vision ray metrology system that estimates the geometric wavefront of a measurement sample using the sample-induced deflection in the vision rays. We show the feasibility of this approach using simulations and measurements of spherical and freeform optics. In contrast to the competitive technique deflectometry, this approach relies on differential measurements and, hence, requires no elaborated calibration procedure that uses sophisticated optimization algorithms to estimate geometric constraints. Applications of this work are the metrology and alignment of freeform optics.},
keywords = {CeFO, metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Vision ray techniques are known in the optical community to provide low-uncertainty image formation models. In this work, we extend this approach and propose a vision ray metrology system that estimates the geometric wavefront of a measurement sample using the sample-induced deflection in the vision rays. We show the feasibility of this approach using simulations and measurements of spherical and freeform optics. In contrast to the competitive technique deflectometry, this approach relies on differential measurements and, hence, requires no elaborated calibration procedure that uses sophisticated optimization algorithms to estimate geometric constraints. Applications of this work are the metrology and alignment of freeform optics.
Kim, W.; Cassarly, W. J.; Rolland, J. P.
Connecting tolerancing of freeform surface deformation in illumination optics with the Laplacian magic mirror Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 29, iss. 24, pp. 40559-40571, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, Illumination
@article{kim_OE21,
title = {Connecting tolerancing of freeform surface deformation in illumination optics with the Laplacian magic mirror},
author = {W. Kim and W. J. Cassarly and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.442853},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-22},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {29},
issue = {24},
pages = {40559-40571},
abstract = {This paper presents a methodology for illumination optics tolerancing. Specifically, we investigate tolerancing deformation of a single freeform surface under a point source illumination. Through investigation, we recognized and report here three surface-deformation characteristics that build tolerancing intuitions. First, we show that positive and negative irradiance changes occur together as a consequence of flux conservation. Then, we demonstrate a linear relationship between the steepness of the surface perturbation and the magnitude of the irradiance change. Lastly, we show that the Laplacian magic mirror concept (M. V. Berry [Eur. J. Phys. 27, 109 (2006)) can be expanded to surface deformation tolerancing. Utilizing these surface deformation characteristics, we propose a fast and predictable tolerancing method for a sequential illumination},
keywords = {CeFO, Illumination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents a methodology for illumination optics tolerancing. Specifically, we investigate tolerancing deformation of a single freeform surface under a point source illumination. Through investigation, we recognized and report here three surface-deformation characteristics that build tolerancing intuitions. First, we show that positive and negative irradiance changes occur together as a consequence of flux conservation. Then, we demonstrate a linear relationship between the steepness of the surface perturbation and the magnitude of the irradiance change. Lastly, we show that the Laplacian magic mirror concept (M. V. Berry [Eur. J. Phys. 27, 109 (2006)) can be expanded to surface deformation tolerancing. Utilizing these surface deformation characteristics, we propose a fast and predictable tolerancing method for a sequential illumination
Moein, S.; Suleski, T. J.
Freeform optics for variable extended depth of field imaging Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 29, no. 24, pp. 40524-40537, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, imaging
@article{Moein2021-2,
title = {Freeform optics for variable extended depth of field imaging },
author = {S. Moein and T. J. Suleski},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-29-24-40524&id=464994},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-19},
urldate = {2021-11-19},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {29},
number = {24},
pages = {40524-40537},
abstract = {Imaging depth of field is shallow in applications with high magnification and high numerical aperture, such as microscopy, resulting in images with in- and out-of-focus regions. Therefore, methods to extend depth of field are of particular interest. Researchers have previously shown the advantages of using freeform components to extend depth of field, with each optical system requiring a specially designed phase plate. In this paper we present a method to enable extended depth-of-field imaging for a range of numerical apertures using freeform phase plates to create variable cubic wavefronts. The concept is similar to an Alvarez lens which creates variable spherical wavefronts through the relative translation of two transmissive elements with XY polynomial surfaces. We discuss design and optimization methods to enable extended depth of field for lenses with different numerical aperture values by considering through-focus variation of the point spread function and compare on- and off-axis performance through multiple metrics.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, imaging},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Imaging depth of field is shallow in applications with high magnification and high numerical aperture, such as microscopy, resulting in images with in- and out-of-focus regions. Therefore, methods to extend depth of field are of particular interest. Researchers have previously shown the advantages of using freeform components to extend depth of field, with each optical system requiring a specially designed phase plate. In this paper we present a method to enable extended depth-of-field imaging for a range of numerical apertures using freeform phase plates to create variable cubic wavefronts. The concept is similar to an Alvarez lens which creates variable spherical wavefronts through the relative translation of two transmissive elements with XY polynomial surfaces. We discuss design and optimization methods to enable extended depth of field for lenses with different numerical aperture values by considering through-focus variation of the point spread function and compare on- and off-axis performance through multiple metrics.
Shadalou, Shohreh; Cassarly, William J.; Suleski, Thomas J.
Tunable LED-based illuminator using freeform arrays Proceedings
2021, (Proc. SPIE 12078, International Optical Design Conference 2021, 120780I ).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, freeform, Illumination
@proceedings{Shadalou2021_1,
title = {Tunable LED-based illuminator using freeform arrays},
author = {Shohreh Shadalou and William J. Cassarly and Thomas J. Suleski},
editor = {SPIE },
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?uri=iodc-2021-120780I&origin=search},
doi = {doi: 10.1117/12.2603627},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-19},
urldate = {2021-11-19},
abstract = {We present a tunable LED-based illuminator using custom arrays of Alvarez lenses with commercially available secondary optics. Design methods and characterization of the system performance are discussed.},
note = {Proc. SPIE 12078, International Optical Design Conference 2021, 120780I },
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, freeform, Illumination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
We present a tunable LED-based illuminator using custom arrays of Alvarez lenses with commercially available secondary optics. Design methods and characterization of the system performance are discussed.
Chaudhuri, R.; Rolland-Thompson, J. P.
Single-shot, Adaptive Metrology of Rotationally Variant Optical Surfaces Using a Spatial Light Modulator (US Patent 11,168,979 B2) Patent
2021.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@patent{chaudhuri_patentUS21,
title = {Single-shot, Adaptive Metrology of Rotationally Variant Optical Surfaces Using a Spatial Light Modulator (US Patent 11,168,979 B2)},
author = {R. Chaudhuri and J. P. Rolland-Thompson},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-09},
urldate = {2021-11-09},
booktitle = {US Patent 11,168,979 B2},
publisher = {US Patent 11,168,979 B2},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
Chaudhuri, R.; Rolland-Thompson, J. P.
Single-shot, Adaptive Metrology of Rotationally Variant Optical Surfaces Using a Spatial Light Modulator (EU Patent 3,688,406 B1) Patent
2021.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@patent{chaudhuri_patentEU21,
title = {Single-shot, Adaptive Metrology of Rotationally Variant Optical Surfaces Using a Spatial Light Modulator (EU Patent 3,688,406 B1)},
author = {R. Chaudhuri and J. P. Rolland-Thompson},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-08},
urldate = {2021-11-09},
howpublished = {EU Patent 3,688,406 B1},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
Liu, Y.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
Freeform reflective hyperspectral imager design in CubeSat format Proceedings
NASA Mirror Tech Days 2021, 2021.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@proceedings{liu_techdays21,
title = {Freeform reflective hyperspectral imager design in CubeSat format},
author = {Y. Liu and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-11-02},
howpublished = {NASA Mirror Tech Days 2021},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Liu, Y.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
Freeform hyperspectral imager design in a CubeSat format Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 29, iss. 22, pp. 35915-35928, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@article{liu_cubesat_21,
title = {Freeform hyperspectral imager design in a CubeSat format},
author = {Y. Liu and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.439530},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-10-25},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {29},
issue = {22},
pages = {35915-35928},
abstract = {A freeform pushbroom hyperspectral imager design was investigated as a combination of a freeform reflective triplet imager and a freeform reflective triplet spectrometer used in double-pass. The design operates at about F/2 with a 15-degree cross-track field-of-view and a 30 mm entrance pupil diameter. The design process led to achieving a small volume of less than 2 liters that fits comfortably within a 3U CubeSat geometry, exemplifying the compactness of this hyperspectral imager. We report the freeform sag departures and maximum slopes of the freeform surfaces, as well as the manufacturing tolerances together with an evaluation of the system stray light, all of which highlight the feasibility of a design in this class to be manufactured. This design uniquely positions itself on the landscape of compact hyperspectral imagers.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
A freeform pushbroom hyperspectral imager design was investigated as a combination of a freeform reflective triplet imager and a freeform reflective triplet spectrometer used in double-pass. The design operates at about F/2 with a 15-degree cross-track field-of-view and a 30 mm entrance pupil diameter. The design process led to achieving a small volume of less than 2 liters that fits comfortably within a 3U CubeSat geometry, exemplifying the compactness of this hyperspectral imager. We report the freeform sag departures and maximum slopes of the freeform surfaces, as well as the manufacturing tolerances together with an evaluation of the system stray light, all of which highlight the feasibility of a design in this class to be manufactured. This design uniquely positions itself on the landscape of compact hyperspectral imagers.
Kim, W.; Cassarly, W. J.; Rolland, J. P.
Applying Laplacian magic mirror in freeform illumination optics tolerancing Proceedings
SPIE Proceedings Vol. 11874, Illumination Optics VI 118740P , 2021.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, Illumination
@proceedings{kim_spie_illum21,
title = {Applying Laplacian magic mirror in freeform illumination optics tolerancing},
author = {W. Kim and W. J. Cassarly and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2596898},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-09-13},
howpublished = {SPIE Proceedings Vol. 11874, Illumination Optics VI 118740P },
keywords = {CeFO, Illumination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Xu, D.; Rolland, J. P.
Cascade Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (US Patent 11,098,999) Patent
2021.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@patent{dixu_patent21,
title = {Cascade Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (US Patent 11,098,999)},
author = {D. Xu and J. P. Rolland},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-24},
urldate = {2021-08-24},
howpublished = {US patent 11,098,999},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {patent}
}
Bauer, Aaron; Rolland, Jannick P.
Roadmap for the unobscured three-mirror freeform design space Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 29, no. 17, pp. 26736-26744, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@article{bauer_21,
title = {Roadmap for the unobscured three-mirror freeform design space},
author = {Aaron Bauer and Jannick P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.433643},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-08-03},
urldate = {2021-08-03},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {29},
number = {17},
pages = {26736-26744},
abstract = {In rotationally symmetric lens design, there are rule-of-thumb boundaries on field-of-view and aperture for well-known design forms that provide valuable information to the designer prior to starting a design. In the design space of unobscured three-mirror imagers, freeform optics have been shown to provide a significant benefit over conventional surface shapes, but the degree to which they improve the performance for any given combination of field-of-view, entrance pupil diameter, and F-number remains unknown. Thus, designers of these systems are not afforded any pre-design information to inform their specification decisions. Here, we designed over 200 systems to establish a first-of-its-kind roadmap of specification ranges over which an unobscured three-mirror imager using freeform surfaces can achieve diffraction-limited performance in the visible spectrum. The scalability of the findings to the infrared regions of the spectrum is also addressed.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In rotationally symmetric lens design, there are rule-of-thumb boundaries on field-of-view and aperture for well-known design forms that provide valuable information to the designer prior to starting a design. In the design space of unobscured three-mirror imagers, freeform optics have been shown to provide a significant benefit over conventional surface shapes, but the degree to which they improve the performance for any given combination of field-of-view, entrance pupil diameter, and F-number remains unknown. Thus, designers of these systems are not afforded any pre-design information to inform their specification decisions. Here, we designed over 200 systems to establish a first-of-its-kind roadmap of specification ranges over which an unobscured three-mirror imager using freeform surfaces can achieve diffraction-limited performance in the visible spectrum. The scalability of the findings to the infrared regions of the spectrum is also addressed.
Moein, S.; Suleski, T. J.
Position tolerancing of freeform phase plates for variable extended depth of field imaging Proceedings
2021, ISBN: 978-1-943580-88-0, (From the session Joint Freeform and IODC III (JTh3A)).
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, imaging, Tolerancing
@proceedings{Moein2021-1,
title = {Position tolerancing of freeform phase plates for variable extended depth of field imaging },
author = {S. Moein and T. J. Suleski},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/abstract.cfm?URI=FLATOPTICS-2021-JTh3A.3},
isbn = {978-1-943580-88-0},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-07-01},
urldate = {2021-07-01},
abstract = {We discuss and analyze the sensitivity to misalignment errors of a freeform phase plate pair designed to enable variable extended depth of field imaging. Methods and impacts of the errors on system performance are demonstrated.},
note = {From the session
Joint Freeform and IODC III (JTh3A)},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, imaging, Tolerancing},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
We discuss and analyze the sensitivity to misalignment errors of a freeform phase plate pair designed to enable variable extended depth of field imaging. Methods and impacts of the errors on system performance are demonstrated.
Liu, Y.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
CubeSat Format Freeform Hyperspectral Imager Proceedings
OSA Optical Design and Fabrication Congress: Freeform, paper RW1A.5., 2021.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@proceedings{liu_IODC21,
title = {CubeSat Format Freeform Hyperspectral Imager},
author = {Y. Liu and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FREEFORM.2021.RW1A.5},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-30},
urldate = {2021-06-30},
howpublished = {OSA Optical Design and Fabrication Congress: Freeform, paper RW1A.5.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Xu, D.; Lambropoulos, J.; Rolland, J. P.
Freeform metrology with cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) Presentation
OSA Optical Design and Fabrication Congress: OFT , 30.06.2021.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@misc{dixu_OSA21,
title = {Freeform metrology with cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT)},
author = {D. Xu and J. Lambropoulos and J. P. Rolland},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-30},
howpublished = {OSA Optical Design and Fabrication Congress: OFT },
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
Takaki, N.; Papa, J. C.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
Aberration-based design example for freeform optical designs with base off-axis conics Proceedings
Proc. SPIE 12078, International Optical Design Conference 2021, 120781M, 2021.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@proceedings{takaki_IODC21,
title = {Aberration-based design example for freeform optical designs with base off-axis conics},
author = {N. Takaki and J. C. Papa and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603673},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-27},
urldate = {2021-06-27},
howpublished = {Proc. SPIE 12078, International Optical Design Conference 2021, 120781M},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
Specification sweep for three-mirror freeform imagers Proceedings
Proc. SPIE 12078, International Optical Design Conference 2021, 120781N, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@proceedings{bauer_OSA21,
title = {Specification sweep for three-mirror freeform imagers},
author = {A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2603674},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-27},
urldate = {2021-06-27},
abstract = {The achievable design space for three-mirror unobscured imagers utilizing freeform surfaces was mapped out. The smallest volume diffraction-limited design was targeted for each combination of field-of-view, F-number, and entrance pupil diameter.},
howpublished = {Proc. SPIE 12078, International Optical Design Conference 2021, 120781N},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
The achievable design space for three-mirror unobscured imagers utilizing freeform surfaces was mapped out. The smallest volume diffraction-limited design was targeted for each combination of field-of-view, F-number, and entrance pupil diameter.
Rolland, J. P.
The Road to Freeform Optics and Beyond Presentation
REU Colloquium, University of Rochester , 15.06.2021.
@misc{rolland-REU21,
title = {The Road to Freeform Optics and Beyond},
author = {J. P. Rolland},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-15},
urldate = {2021-06-15},
howpublished = {REU Colloquium, University of Rochester },
keywords = {CeFO},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
Rolland, J. P.
Recent Advances in Freeform Optics Presentation
CLEO 2021, 09.05.2021.
@misc{rolland_cleo21,
title = {Recent Advances in Freeform Optics},
author = {J. P. Rolland},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-05-09},
howpublished = {CLEO 2021},
keywords = {CeFO},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
Liu, Y.; Bauer, A.; Rolland, J. P.
CubeSat Format Freeform Imager Design Proceedings
ASPE 2021 Spring Topical – Freeform and Structured Surfaces, 2021.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@proceedings{liu_ASPE21,
title = {CubeSat Format Freeform Imager Design},
author = {Y. Liu and A. Bauer and J. P. Rolland},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-28},
howpublished = {ASPE 2021 Spring Topical – Freeform and Structured Surfaces},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Shadalou, Shohreh; Suleski, Thomas J.
Freeform arrays for dynamically tunable illumination systems Presentation
ASPE Spring Topical Meeting: Freeform and Structured Surfaces, 28.04.2021.
BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, Illumination
@misc{Shadalou2021_4,
title = {Freeform arrays for dynamically tunable illumination systems},
author = {Shohreh Shadalou and Thomas J. Suleski},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-04-28},
urldate = {2021-04-28},
howpublished = {ASPE Spring Topical Meeting: Freeform and Structured Surfaces},
keywords = {CeFO, Illumination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}
Di Xu, * Zhenkun Wen; Rolland, Jannick P.
Verification of cascade optical coherence tomography for freeform optics form metrology Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 8542-8552, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology, coherence, freeform, tomography
@article{XU2021b,
title = {Verification of cascade optical coherence tomography for freeform optics form metrology},
author = {Di Xu,,* Zhenkun Wen, Andres Garcia Coleto, Michael
Pomerantz, John C. Lambropoulos, 2 and Jannick P.
Rolland},
url = {https://opg.optica.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-29-6-8542&id=448922},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.413844},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-03-05},
urldate = {2021-03-05},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {29},
number = {6},
pages = {8542-8552},
abstract = {Freeform optical components enable dramatic advances for optical systems in both
performance and packaging. Surface form metrology of manufactured freeform optics remains
a challenge and an active area of research. Towards addressing this challenge, we previously
reported on a novel architecture, cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT), which was
validated for its ability of high-precision sag measurement at a given point. Here, we demonstrate
freeform surface measurements, enabled by the development of a custom optical-relay-based
scanning mechanism and a unique high-speed rotation mechanism. Experimental results on a flat
mirror demonstrate an RMS flatness of 14 nm (∼λ/44 at the He-Ne wavelength). Measurement
on a freeform mirror is achieved with an RMS residual of 69 nm (∼λ/9). The system-level
investigations and validation provide the groundwork for advancing C-OCT as a viable freeform
metrology technique.
},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology, coherence, freeform, tomography},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Freeform optical components enable dramatic advances for optical systems in both
performance and packaging. Surface form metrology of manufactured freeform optics remains
a challenge and an active area of research. Towards addressing this challenge, we previously
reported on a novel architecture, cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT), which was
validated for its ability of high-precision sag measurement at a given point. Here, we demonstrate
freeform surface measurements, enabled by the development of a custom optical-relay-based
scanning mechanism and a unique high-speed rotation mechanism. Experimental results on a flat
mirror demonstrate an RMS flatness of 14 nm (∼λ/44 at the He-Ne wavelength). Measurement
on a freeform mirror is achieved with an RMS residual of 69 nm (∼λ/9). The system-level
investigations and validation provide the groundwork for advancing C-OCT as a viable freeform
metrology technique.
performance and packaging. Surface form metrology of manufactured freeform optics remains
a challenge and an active area of research. Towards addressing this challenge, we previously
reported on a novel architecture, cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT), which was
validated for its ability of high-precision sag measurement at a given point. Here, we demonstrate
freeform surface measurements, enabled by the development of a custom optical-relay-based
scanning mechanism and a unique high-speed rotation mechanism. Experimental results on a flat
mirror demonstrate an RMS flatness of 14 nm (∼λ/44 at the He-Ne wavelength). Measurement
on a freeform mirror is achieved with an RMS residual of 69 nm (∼λ/9). The system-level
investigations and validation provide the groundwork for advancing C-OCT as a viable freeform
metrology technique.
Rolland, J. P.; Davies, M. A.; Suleski, T. J.; Evans, C.; Bauer, A.; Lambropoulos, J. C.; Falaggis, K.
Freeform optics for imaging Journal Article
In: Optica, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 161-176, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO
@article{ffreview21,
title = {Freeform optics for imaging },
author = {J. P. Rolland and M. A. Davies and T. J. Suleski and C. Evans and A. Bauer and J. C. Lambropoulos and K. Falaggis },
url = {https://opg.optica.org/optica/fulltext.cfm?uri=optica-8-2-161&id=447006},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-01},
urldate = {2021-02-01},
journal = {Optica},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {161-176},
abstract = {In the last 10 years, freeform optics has enabled compact and high-performance imaging systems. This article begins with a brief history of freeform optics, focusing on imaging systems, including marketplace emergence. The development of this technology is motivated by the clear opportunity to enable science across a wide range of applications, spanning from extreme ultraviolet lithography to space optics. Next, we define freeform optics and discuss concurrent engineering that brings together design, fabrication, testing, and assembly into one process. We then lay out the foundations of the aberration theory for freeform optics and emerging design methodologies. We describe fabrication methods, emphasizing deterministic computer numerical control grinding, polishing, and diamond machining. Next, we consider mid-spatial frequency errors that inherently result from freeform fabrication techniques. We realize that metrologies of freeform optics are simultaneously sparse in their existence but diverse in their potential. Thus, we focus on metrology techniques demonstrated for the measurement of freeform optics. We conclude this review with an outlook on the future of freeform optics.},
keywords = {CeFO},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the last 10 years, freeform optics has enabled compact and high-performance imaging systems. This article begins with a brief history of freeform optics, focusing on imaging systems, including marketplace emergence. The development of this technology is motivated by the clear opportunity to enable science across a wide range of applications, spanning from extreme ultraviolet lithography to space optics. Next, we define freeform optics and discuss concurrent engineering that brings together design, fabrication, testing, and assembly into one process. We then lay out the foundations of the aberration theory for freeform optics and emerging design methodologies. We describe fabrication methods, emphasizing deterministic computer numerical control grinding, polishing, and diamond machining. Next, we consider mid-spatial frequency errors that inherently result from freeform fabrication techniques. We realize that metrologies of freeform optics are simultaneously sparse in their existence but diverse in their potential. Thus, we focus on metrology techniques demonstrated for the measurement of freeform optics. We conclude this review with an outlook on the future of freeform optics.
Shadalou, Shohreh; Cassarly, William J.; Suleski, Thomas J.
Tunable illumination for LED-based systems using refractive freeform arrays Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 29, no. 22, pp. 35755-35764, 2021.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, freeform, Illumination
@article{Shadalou2021_3,
title = {Tunable illumination for LED-based systems using refractive freeform arrays},
author = {Shohreh Shadalou and William J. Cassarly and Thomas J. Suleski},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.441304},
doi = {10.1364/OE.441304},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-00-00},
urldate = {2021-00-00},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {29},
number = {22},
pages = {35755-35764},
abstract = {Tunable illumination with high uniformity can improve functionality for multiple application areas. In lighting applications, dynamic illumination has been achieved by applying axial movement to the source(s) or other optical elements, resulting in poor uniformity, or using a liquid lens that adds design complexity. Advances in high-precision manufacturing methods have facilitated the practical implementation of freeform optical components, enabling new design approaches for illumination systems. This paper explores the use of arrays of varifocal transmissive freeform Alvarez lenses for an LED-based illumination system. The design is initialized using paraxial geometrical optics concepts and then refined for a 1mm-by−1 mm white LED source through a multi-step optimization. Design procedures are discussed, and simulation results are presented for an example illumination system that varies from a small circular spot mode to a large square uniform flood mode through millimeter-scale lateral translation between the Alvarez lens arrays.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, freeform, Illumination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tunable illumination with high uniformity can improve functionality for multiple application areas. In lighting applications, dynamic illumination has been achieved by applying axial movement to the source(s) or other optical elements, resulting in poor uniformity, or using a liquid lens that adds design complexity. Advances in high-precision manufacturing methods have facilitated the practical implementation of freeform optical components, enabling new design approaches for illumination systems. This paper explores the use of arrays of varifocal transmissive freeform Alvarez lenses for an LED-based illumination system. The design is initialized using paraxial geometrical optics concepts and then refined for a 1mm-by−1 mm white LED source through a multi-step optimization. Design procedures are discussed, and simulation results are presented for an example illumination system that varies from a small circular spot mode to a large square uniform flood mode through millimeter-scale lateral translation between the Alvarez lens arrays.
2020
Bauer, A.; Schiesser, E. M.; Rolland, J. P.
Exploring the design space of 3-mirror freeform imagers Proceedings
no. FM1A.5, 2020.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design
@proceedings{bauer_fio_2020,
title = {Exploring the design space of 3-mirror freeform imagers},
author = {A. Bauer and E. M. Schiesser and J. P. Rolland},
editor = {OSA Frontiers in Optics 2020},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/FIO.2020.FM1A.5},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-14},
booktitle = {Frontiers in Optics 2020},
number = {FM1A.5},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Moein, S.; Suleski, T. J.
Variable extended depth of field imaging using freeform optics Proceedings
vol. Proc. SPIE 11483, no. 114830G, 2020.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, imaging
@proceedings{Moein2020a,
title = {Variable extended depth of field imaging using freeform optics},
author = {S. Moein and T. J. Suleski },
editor = {SPIE},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568723},
doi = {10.1117/12.2568723},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-21},
volume = {Proc. SPIE 11483},
number = {114830G},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, imaging},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Shadalou, S.; Suleski, T. J.
Freeform optics for dynamic illumination Proceedings
vol. Proc. SPIE 11495, no. 114950B, 2020.
Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO design, Illumination
@proceedings{Shadalou2020a,
title = {Freeform optics for dynamic illumination},
author = {S. Shadalou and T. J. Suleski},
editor = {SPIE},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568785},
doi = {10.1117/12.2568785},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-08-20},
volume = {Proc. SPIE 11495},
number = {114950B},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO design, Illumination},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {proceedings}
}
Xu, D.; Coleto, A. G.; Moon, B.; Papa, J. C.; Pomerantz, M.; Rolland, J. P.
Cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) Journal Article
In: Optics Express, vol. 28, no. 14, pp. 19937-19953, 2020.
Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CEFO metrology
@article{dixu2021,
title = {Cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT)},
author = {D. Xu and A. G. Coleto and B. Moon and J. C. Papa and M. Pomerantz and J. P. Rolland },
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.394638},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-07-06},
journal = {Optics Express},
volume = {28},
number = {14},
pages = {19937-19953},
abstract = {Significant advances for optical systems in terms of both performance and packaging are enabled by freeform optical components. Yet, surface form metrology for freeform optics remains a challenge. We developed and investigated a point-cloud cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) technique to address this metrology challenge. The mathematical framework for the working principle of C-OCT is presented. A novel detection scheme is developed to enable high-speed measurements. Experimental results validate the C-OCT technique with the prototype setup demonstrating single-point precision of ±26 nm (∼λ/24 at the He-Ne wavelength), paving the way towards full surface measurements on freeform optical components.},
keywords = {CeFO, CEFO metrology},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Significant advances for optical systems in terms of both performance and packaging are enabled by freeform optical components. Yet, surface form metrology for freeform optics remains a challenge. We developed and investigated a point-cloud cascade optical coherence tomography (C-OCT) technique to address this metrology challenge. The mathematical framework for the working principle of C-OCT is presented. A novel detection scheme is developed to enable high-speed measurements. Experimental results validate the C-OCT technique with the prototype setup demonstrating single-point precision of ±26 nm (∼λ/24 at the He-Ne wavelength), paving the way towards full surface measurements on freeform optical components.
T. Feng P.K Sahoo, M. Sharma; Qiao, J.
Dynamic modelling for predicting temperature evolution and modification during fs-laser welding of borofloat glass Conference
vol. ATu3K.2, C:EO 2020 OSA 2020.
Abstract | BibTeX | Tags: CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, Freeform surfaces, Optical surfaces
@conference{CLEOc,
title = {Dynamic modelling for predicting temperature evolution and modification during fs-laser welding of borofloat glass},
author = {P.K Sahoo, T. Feng, M.Sharma, S. Patra, R.Haque, and J. Qiao},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-06-01},
volume = {ATu3K.2},
organization = {C:EO 2020 OSA},
abstract = {A dynamic heat accumulation modelling for femtosecond laser welding of Borofloat glass is developed
and verified experimentally. The temperature evolution and internal modifications are predicted by incorporating
the nonlinear electron dynamics along with temperature dependent thermal properties.},
keywords = {CeFO, CeFO manufacturing, Freeform surfaces, Optical surfaces},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {conference}
}
A dynamic heat accumulation modelling for femtosecond laser welding of Borofloat glass is developed
and verified experimentally. The temperature evolution and internal modifications are predicted by incorporating
the nonlinear electron dynamics along with temperature dependent thermal properties.
and verified experimentally. The temperature evolution and internal modifications are predicted by incorporating
the nonlinear electron dynamics along with temperature dependent thermal properties.